CELT Journal

THE USE OF BAHASA INDONESIA IN EFLCLASS*

2012-02-23T14:46:00.001+07:00

Y.E. Budiyana, Yosi Ritonga* and Antonius Suratno****

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.1, July 2005)

Abstract: The use of mother tongue in the EFL class is a controversial issue and the mother tongue seems to have no role to play. The idea of avoiding the mother tongue in language teaching is closely connected with the appearance of the direct method which emphasizes the use of English only in the English classroom. Many educators support the notion that within the ESL class, the only acceptable medium of instruction is English since it can be justified on pedagogical grounds. The use of mother tongue is considered as the teachers’ failure to teach English properly. However, the reality is different. As what Harbord (1987:351) says, there is an inevitable interaction between themother tongue and the target language, particularly in the EFL classroom. It is not a provocative way to use the mother tongue in ESL classroom but “rather a justification for its limited use in certain situations” The aims of our study are to find out the attitudes of both students and English teachers toward the use of Bahasa Indonesia in the English class, and if so how frequent and on what occasions it is used.

Key words: Mother tongue, EFL, L1,L2

* This article is a develpment of an S1 thesis that was defended in 2002

** Drs. Y.E. Budiyana, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

***Yosi Ritonga, S.S. is an alumnae of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

****Drs. Antonius Suratno, M.A. is a lecturer of Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com or click here

S1 student national seminar: 4-5 June 2012, English Department, Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang - Indonesia

2012-01-21T15:46:00.001+07:00

CALL FOR PAPERS: due 15 April 2012

1st International Language & Culture (ILC):

Actualizing ourselves as a part of global society through local culture and national identity

Paper Requirements

I. THEME AND TOPIC OF PAPER

The paper should be related to the theme of this national student seminar on International Language and Culture (ILC): “Actualizing Ourselves as a Part of Global Society through Local Culture and National Identity”.

The participants may choose one of these following topics:

Diversity of local cultures forming the national identity.
Literature studies related to local culture, national identity, and global society.
Learning international cultures through international language learning.
Using international languages to promote Indonesian culture.
Cultural diversity in the era of globalization.

II. PAPER FORMAT

The paper must be written in English.
The paper must be typed, in A4 paper, single-spaced, justified, Times New Roman, and 1 inch margins (top, bottom, left, and right). Font size for footnote is 10; the font size for abstracts is 11, whereas the font size for whole papers and references is 12. Abstracts should be italicized.
The paper (5 – 8 pages in total) must include: abstract (max. 250 words), introduction, theoretical background, analysis/discussion, conclusion, and references.
References of the paper should use APA style.

Example:

Punday, D. (2003). Narrative bodies: Toward a corporeal narratology, 10^th ed., New York, U.S: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kristono, Lany. (2009). Sekolah bertaraf internasional (International quality school) empowering or sempowering?. English Edu, 9(2), 31.

Carson, Vance. (2007, October 18). Why english is important. In Mind our english. Retrieved May 31, 2011, from http://thestar.com.my/english/ story.asp?file=/2007/10/18/lifefocus/18963932&sec=lifefocus

III. MISCELLANEOUS

Abstracts or papers should be sent to our email at studentnationalseminar@yahoo.com in Microsoft Word so that they are able to be adjusted.
Abstracts should be sent before April 15, 2012. Some qualified ones will be informed on April 30, 2012. Full paper can be sent before May 15, 2012. Highly qualified papers will be published in a form of book with ISBN. The books can be ordered by sending certain fee before May 15, 2012.
Early registration of this national seminar is on April 15 – May 15, 2012 about IDR 250.000; while the regular registration is on May 16 – June 1, 2012 about IDR 300.000 (accommodation is not included). Qualified paper will not be considered anymore if there is no receipt of payment sent to us before May 15, 2012. Please scan and send us your receipt of payment to our email address.
Plagiarism is considered a crime.

Student seminar: International Language & Culture, 4-5 June 2012 (English Dept. Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia)

2012-01-17T22:10:00.001+07:00

CALL FOR PAPERS : up to 15 April 2012

CALL FOR PARTICIPANTS : up to 1 June 2012

1st ILC: Actualizing ourselves as a part of global society through local culture and national identity

A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: GRAPHIC NOVELS: A FUN & CREATIVE WAY OF WRITING AND READING

2012-01-09T11:32:00.001+07:00

Reviewed by

Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut*

(Published in CELT, vol. 10, no.1, July 2010)

EVERYTHING GUIDE TO WRITING GRAPHIC NOVELS: From superheroes to Manga - all you need to start creating your own graphic works

Mark Ellis and

Melissa Martin Ellis

Avon, M.A, U.S.A.:

F+W Publications, Inc.

2008, 213 pages

ISBN: 97811598694512

*Dra. Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut, M.Hum. <ekawatimd@yahoo.com> +628122938202 is a lecturer at the English Department, Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

GREAT DISRUPTION IN SOUTHERN SOCIETY AS REFLECTED IN JOHN GRISHAM’S THE TESTAMENT

2012-01-04T13:14:00.003+07:00

Tatit Hariyanti*

(Published in CELT, vol. 8, no.1, July 2008)

Abstract: At the dawn of the twentieth century, especially after the invention of internet the world began to transform itself into information age which was characterized by the production more of two things people value most in a modern democracy - freedom and equality. Freedom of choice has exploded and hierarchies of all sorts, have come under pressure and begun to crumble. People were trapped in a globalized and homogenous condition. Accompanying the shift there arouses social disorders which is indicated especially by the decline of family values . As that of other industrialized countries, when the United States becomes more advanced it is assumed that all its states experience the same condition. There seems no place for distinctive feature. The southern states which always claim and are claimed to be distinctive from the rest will , therefore, be interesting and worth observing.Taking John Grisham’s work, The Testament, which is set in Virginia in the year of 1996s, as the main source, this study is done under the notion that literary works could serve as mental evidence of what happens in society. The result demonstrates that Southern society experience the same condition. The increasing individualism in turn exerts great influence on the family life. The bond becomes more loosen and distrust rises .

Key words: southern society, distinct, decline, family bond, distrust

*Dra. Tatit Hariyanti, M.Hum. <tatithariyanti@yahoo.com> is a state lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Yogyakarta University of Technology. She acomplished her undergraduate degree at the Faculty of Letters, Gadjah Mada University in 1986, masters degree at the same university in 1998 and now is taking a doctoral degree at the same University. She is writing her dissertation entitled “Will and Testament in Southern Culture” and this article is part of her dissertation.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

THE VOICES OF THE AFRO-AMERICAN IN LITERATURE: A STUDY ON SLAVERY

2012-01-04T13:14:00.001+07:00

Femmy Dahlan*

(Published in CELT, vol. 8, no.1, July 2008)

Abstract: Literary work could portray both the life from the real world and also functions as a media to voice the injustice experienced by certain society. Slavery in America can be seen through three literary works written by Afro-American writers. These three writers describe how slavery had destroyed the lives of the slaves in the Southern part of America. The slaves were treated cruelly by the owners which bring bitterness to them. The lives of the slaves at that time was full of torture both physically and mentally.

Key words: Afro-American literature, injustice, slavery

*Femmy Dahlan, S.S., M.Hum is <femmy_dahlan1@yahoo.com> is a full-time lecturer of the Faculty of Humanities, Bung Hatta University, Padang.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: FEMINISM AND/VERSUS FEMINITY OF MODERN WOMEN

2012-01-04T13:13:00.005+07:00

Reviewed by

B. Retang Wohangara*

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

THE FEMALE THING: DIRT, SEX, ENVY, AND VULNERABILITY

Laura Kipnis

New York: Pantheon Books

2006

173 pp.

ISBN-10: 0375424172

*B. Retang Wohangara, S.S., M.Hum is <wohangara@yahoo.com> is a full-time lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang. He is currently working his way to being a doctorate candidate with Ford Foundation.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

THE IDEOLOGY AND THE IDEATIONAL MEANING PROCESSES BEHIND THE ADVERTISEMENTS OF COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE*

2012-01-04T13:13:00.003+07:00

Cicilia San San, Heny Hartono & Angelika Riyandari*

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

Abstract: This study tried to reveal the ideology and the process of ideational meaning behind the advertisements found in a female magazine, Cosmopolitan. The analysis of ideology was based on four basic assumptions. They are beauty, prestige, health and others. In analyzing the processes of the ideational meaning, the writer used Halliday theory that discusses about six types of processes. They are material (doing/event) process, mental (thinking/ sensing/ feeling) process, relational (attributive/ identifying) process, behavioral process, verbal process and existential process. The results show that the advertisements are dominated by beauty ideology (45,5%) and relational process (41,4%). Based on the result, it is clear that as a female magazine, Cosmopolitan presents advertisements that offer beauty products/ services. Moreover, relational process (identifying) is used more because the producer and the advertiser are aware that they cannot compel the consumers to buy the products/ services offered. The use of the process is aimed to show the products/ services that will raise the curiosity of the consumers and to persuade the consumers to buy the products/ services.

Key words: Advertisement’s texts, ideology, processes of ideational meaning, transitivity system.

*This article is a development of an undergraduate thesis defended at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang in December 2007.

**Cecilia San San, S.S <ceciliasansan@yahoo.com> is an alumnae of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Semarang and currently an education staff at the Centre for Language Training Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

***Angelika Riyandari, S.S, M.A <goen2ike@yahoo.com> and Heny Hartono, S.S, M.Pd. <henyhartono@yahoo.com> are lecturers of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

THE U.S.A.’S VALUE OF SUCCESS AS PORTRAYED THROUGH A SELECTION OF MAGAZINE ADS*

2012-01-04T13:13:00.001+07:00

Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut**, Djuhertati Imam Muhni, C. Soebakdi Soemanto & Ida Rochani Adi***

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

Abstract: A uniformly standardized attitude that is agreed as the desired principle a society follows is termed as a cultural value. In the United States of America (U.S.A.), maintaining an attitude of self-reliance, assertiveness, and egalitarianism or the opportunity to show one’s democracy have been considered as examples of the people’s traditional values. However, an analysis of the American one dollar shows that the basic value that comes out of those cultural values is the idea of success. It is this cultural value, which explains for why some people understands the American society to have an aggressive, persistent and always having high hopes for a better life attitude. It is interesting to find that the value of success is also found from making a semiotic analysis of a selection of advertisements (ads) for women’s products. As a case study, the writer shares the result of three selected ads found in U.S.A.’s magazine. The writer hopes that the sharing of some of her research result will trigger others in comprehending ads as not only a media to promote product sales or marketing, but to see it as an artistic and valuable text for scholars’ research.

Key words: advertisement, Cosmopolitan, cultural values, Oprah, magazine, Woman’s Day,

*This article is a part of an on-going dissertation research the writer is currently undertaking.

**Dra. Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut, M.Hum. <ekawatimd@yahoo.com> is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang and a doctorate candidate from the American Studies Program of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.

***Prof. Dr. Djuhertati Imam Muhni, M.A., Prof. C. Soebakdi Soemanto, S.U. <alienz@centrin.net.id> and Dr. Ida Rochani Adi, S.U. <idaadi@gmail.com> are lecturers of the American Studies Graduate Program and the Faculty of Cultural Science at Gadjah Mada University. Currently they are promoters for the writer’s dissertation research.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

THE REALIZATION OF IDEATIONAL MEANINGS IN STUDENTS’ RECOUNTS*

2012-01-04T13:12:00.003+07:00

Sri Mulatsih**

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

Abstract: English Department Students of Faculty of Languages and Letters of Dian Nuswantoro University usually have difficulties in writing English Texts. Those difficulties deal with the way to organize ideational meaning in their texts. Based on that fact, this study was conducted to know the realization of ideational meaning in the students’ texts especially recounts. The data were taken from the students’ recounts, and for the sake of this study, 10 recounts were chosen as the data. To analyze the data, Halliday and Matthiessen’s framework (1999) was applied to get a deep understanding of Ideational Meaning. The result shows that in organizing the Ideational Meanings in their recounts the students used sequences, figures, the elements of figures: Process, Participant, and Circumstances; and the realization of those elements in lexicogrammar. Kinds of sequences (clause complexes) the student mostly made in their recount are enhancement, and extension. Elaboration, locution or idea have lower portion compared to the two sequences mentioned above. Four kinds of figures are found in the students recounts. Those are figure of doing (material and behavioral processes), figure of sensing (mental process), figure of saying (verbal process), and figure of being (relational: attributive, identifying) process, and existential process). Among the four figures mentioned above, figures of doing (material processes) with actor and goal as the key participants dominate in all texts. 112 circumstances (circumstances of time, place, manner, matter, and accompaniment) are found in the students’ recounts. Those circumstances are realized in simple and macro circumstances. The number of macro circumstances is higher than that of simple ones. Since personal recount is a text telling someone’s past experience, the realization of participants in their recounts are mostly conscious simple things. Simple qualities only exist in relational (attributive) process. The processes are mostly realized in polar non- phrasal verbs in past tense.

Key words: ideational meaning, recount, process, participant, circumstance.

*A Case Study conducted at the English Department of the Faculty of Languages and Letters of Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang.

**Dra. Sri Mulatsih, M.Pd. <asihpnrg@yahoo.com> is a lecturer of the Faculty of Languages and Letters of Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

THE ROLE OF ENGLISH PROVERBS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WRITING SKILL*

2012-01-04T13:12:00.001+07:00

Sudiran**

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

Abstract: Writing ability plays an important role in the students’ academic life. Students’ activities cannot be separated from writing. They have to write projects, propose a research, write a research report, etc. Writing ability enables students to disseminate information and new findings. This study aims (1) to describe the use of English proverbs to enhance the students writing achievement, (2) to reveal students’ competence to write a purposive paragraph, (3) to describe the students’ response to the use of the English proverbs in writing skill. The result of the study shows that (1) English proverbs can be considered as statement containing moral values. English proverbs can be used as teaching aids in teaching writing. (2) English proverbs enable lecturers to promote students’ writing ability. This fact can be supported by the result of students’ writing test that is 74.62, which can be categorized into a good category, such as proposed by Hartfiel et. al’s Learning ESL Composition. (3) Based on the students’ response, generally the students have positive attitudes toward the use of English proverbs because it can help them to increase their writing ability. Moreover, English proverbs enable students to elaborate their ideas in writing a paragraph.

Key words: English proverbs, development, writing skill

*This paper is a summary of research conducted at a private university in Malang, East Java.

**Drs. Sudiran, M.Hum. <sudiran@yahoo.com> is a lecturer at Muhammadi-yah University of Malang in East Java.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

SECOND LANGUAGE WRITING: PROCESS, ASSESSMENT AND STUDENTS’ ERROR CORRECTION

2012-01-04T13:11:00.005+07:00

Hendro Setiawan Husada*

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

Abstract: This paper addresses three main issues in second language writing, i.e. writing process, assessment, and students’ errors. L2 writing requires conscious effort and much practice in composing, developing, and analyzing ideas. Thus, writing teachers should develop methodologies, which can foster this improvement. Assessing writing is another issue. Many writing teachers often complain that assessing students’ writing is time consuming, while at the same time students often feel that the teachers are sometimes subjective. What should the teachers do to handle these two problems? The last issue is error correction. Learning to write is a step-by-step process, by which errors occur in all stages of learning. Too much correction may bring negative impacts on their confidence and motivation, but less correction may result in fossilization. Therefore, the decision to treat or to ignore the errors should depend on the teacher. If the error correction may require too much explanation or cause so much interruption, then it is better not to do it. However, when the teacher is sure that the correction can bring positive results to the learning, she or he has to do it.

Key words: drafting, analytical, holistic, intralingual, interlingual errors

*Drs. Hendro Setiawan Husada, M.A. is a lecturer in the Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, +62-298-321212. He holds an MA in TEFL from Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan. His research interests include corpus, extensive reading, and SLA.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

VIEWING CONTRASTIVE RHETORIC FROM A POST MODERN PERSPECTIVE: FINDING AN IMPLICATION TO THE SECOND LANGUAGE WRITING PEDAGOGY

2012-01-04T13:11:00.003+07:00

Susilo*

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

Abstract: The hybrid nature of culture that comes up as a result of postmodern world brings about considerable interaction, borrowing, and fusion between cultures and communicative genres. In such situation, there is erosion of national boundaries, greater multilingualism, and fluidity in identity; hence an absolute construct of particular culture is getting blurred. Consequently, the term “native identity” has come to a “blurring spot” in the sense that it will be simply awkward to hold firmly one’s native identity when multilingualism has become norm. This hybrid and plural character of identity has gone to be considerable as the basis of contrastive texts analysis. The newest way of looking at the contrastive rhetoric is that differences in pragmatic or rhetorical expectations should not be considered as unproficiency or interference for the bi/multilingual writer, rather rhetorical choices opted by the bi/multilingual writer should be considered as critical/alternate discourse. This article is aimed to look at the pedagogy of shuttling between languages done by multilingual writers as the new orientation in the teaching and learning second language writing.

Key words: contrastive rhetoric, multilingual, monolingual, second language writing.

*Dr. Susilo, M.Pd. <olisusunmul@yahoo.com> is a lecturer from East Kalimanatan, Samarinda, Mulawarman University’s Graduate School in Education and in the English Department of the FKIP program +62-541-74118.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

ENGLISH NATIONAL EXAMINATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN INDONESIA*

2012-01-04T13:11:00.001+07:00

Rahayuningtyas Agus Wahyuni**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

Abstract: The importance of mastering English for Indonesian students is getting higher due to the globalization in all sectors. One measure to improve the mastery of English done by the government is by implementing the English National Examination with a passing grade of 4.25. There are two kinds of English National Examinations in the school year 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. One is based on the 1994 Curriculum and the other is based on the 2004 Curriculum. The English National Examination in Indonesia has included listening section since the school year 2003/2004. Ever since the application of the examination in the school year 2004/2005 there are many controversies about the National Examination with the passing grade of 4.25 nationally, but the government still goes on with the National Examination because it believes that the advantages outweigh the disadvantageous. The controversies, however, will decrease if the government does not use it to determine a student’s graduation.

Key words: National Examination, curriculum, Senior High School, passing grade, score.

*This article was the 1^st winner of a writing competition for senior high school teachers in Semarang, held by the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University in May 2006.

**Dra. Rahayuningtyas Agus Wahyuni, M.Pd. is a full-time high school teacher at SMA Negeri 4, Jl. Karangrejo Raya 12ª, Banyumanik, Semarang, email: latifa_ika@yahoo.com.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT: THE STATE OF THE ART

2012-01-04T13:10:00.003+07:00

Utami Widiati* & Bambang Yudi Cahyono**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

Abstract: As an important element of language and as the essential part of linguistic competence, grammar has a central role in making up learners’ language skills and their communicative competence. However, from the historical perspective of language teaching methodology, the role of grammar has once been over-emphasized, likely neglected, or treated equally important with fluency in communication. This article reviews aspects of the teaching of grammar, varying from common issues of grammar teaching in the broader perspective of foreign/second language learning to the teaching of grammar as well as research on grammar teaching in the Indonesian context. In light of the discussion of these various issues, this article provides some recommendations for future research and insights for addressing grammar in English language classrooms in Indonesia.

Key words: English grammar, grammatical structures, language learning, linguistic competence, communicative competence

*Dra. Utami Widiati, M.A., Ph.D. is a full-time lecturer at State University of Malang, email: uwidiati@yahoo.com

**Drs. Bambang Yudi Cahyono, M.Pd, M.A., Ph.D. is a full-time lecturer at State University of Malang, email: yudic2000@yahoo.com

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

AN EXPOSÉ OF MACHO CHARACTERS IN LOUIS L’AMOUR’S WESTERN NOVELS; BRIONNE, THE CALIFORNIOS, AND HONDO*

2012-01-04T13:10:00.001+07:00

M. Syafri Badaruddin**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

Abstract: Three novels entitled Brionne, The Californios, and Hondo written by Louis L’Amour reveal the hard life in the western frontier of America which was still wilderness. L’Amour shows the macho characteristics and attitudes through his macho characters. They apply the macho characteristics such as strength, bravery, virility, and manliness but remaining sensitivity. They also possess macho attitudes such as protective, honest, intelligent, with an aesthetic personality.

Key words: Macho, strength, bravery, virility, manliness, protective

*This article is a part of the thesis the writer writes for his Master’s Degree in American Studies.

**Drs. M. Syafri Badaruddin, M.Hum. is a full-time lecturer of the Faculty of Letter, Hasanuddin University email: esfribad@yahoo.co.id

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

ARCHITECTURE AS A CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTINUATION OF TRADITION WITHIN MODERNIZATION

2012-01-04T13:09:00.001+07:00

Krisprantono*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

Abstract: The ancient and indigenous cultures that exist in the various regions of Indonesia are regarded as part of the national culture. In developing culture, Indonesia should aim at advancing civilization, culture and unity without rejecting new elements from foreign cultures that may improve or enrich the national culture and the same time raise human and Indonesian values. Architecture plays an important past in the Indonesian cultural identity. It is vital that it should be included in any plans for cultural development.

Keywords: architecture, culture, tradition, modernity

*Dr. Krisprantono, M.Arch. is a lecturer at the Faculty of Architecture, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, email: krisprantono@unika.ac.id

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

THE GENDER ROLE CHANGE OF SCARLETT O’HARA AS A PORTRAYAL OF THE HIGH-CLASS SOUTHERN WHITE WOMEN’S LIFE*

2012-01-04T13:08:00.005+07:00

Rendra Bening Prakoso, Angelika Riyandari* & Heny Hartono****

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

Abstract: The high-class Old Southern United States women had played their gender roles as wives, dolls, drudges, playmates, breadwinner and heroines for both their families and country. The coming of the American Civil War in 1861 was one important event for these women to prove themselves as an independent figure in the danger of invasion and famine without help from men. From their beginning gender role as a graceful wealthy plantation mistress then suddenly reduced into poverty, Margaret Mitchell portrays the struggle of these women in the figure of Scarlett O’Hara as the protagonist character of her only novel.

Key words: Gender role change, Scarlett O’Hara, Gone with the Wind.

*This article is a development of the thesis defended at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang in July 2006.

**Rendra Bening Prakoso, S.S. is an alumnae of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, email: rendra_bening_prakosa_ tegal@ yahoo.co.uk

***Angelika Riyandari, S.S, M.A email: goen2ike@yahoo.com is a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

****Heny Hartono, S.S, M.Pd. email: henyhartono@yahoo.com is a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: WARUNG POJOK: WORDPLAY, WIT AND WISDOM PENDIDIKAN ALA WARUNG POJOK: CATATAN-CATATAN PROF. DR. N. DRIYARKARA, S. J. TENTANG MASALAH SOSIAL, POLITIK DAN BUDAYA

2012-01-04T13:08:00.003+07:00

Reviewed by Novita Dewi*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

G. BUDI SUBANAR

Yogyakarta:

Universitas Sanata Dharma

2006, lxix + 193 pp

ISBN 979-8927-97-4

*Dr. Novita Dewi, M.S, M.A. (Hons.) is a lecturer at the English Language Studies, the Graduate Program Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta, email: n.dewi@lycos.com.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

(EASTERN) SUMBA AND ITS GENRES OF ORAL TRADITION

2012-01-04T13:08:00.001+07:00

B. Retang Wohangara*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

Abstract: This paper provides some information on the island of Sumba and its people. As a cultural community not possessing a writing system, the Sumbanese people preserve and transmit their tradition-based creations such as language, literature, music, games, mythology, and rituals, for generations through oral communications. The people’s oral traditions, taking forms in some genres, have become inseparable parts of their lives. Though the vocabularies in daily usage are the same with the ones used in ‘special’ occasions, for instance, in rituals, the metaphorical construction of language of the latter demands ‘special’ attention.

Key words: oral tradition, folklore, genre

*B. Retang Wohangara, S.S., M.Hum. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

CHICANA EXPERIENCE IN DENISE CHÁVEZ’S FACE OF AN ANGEL : A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE*

2012-01-04T13:07:00.005+07:00

Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

Abstract: This study is an attempt to examine the experience of three generations of Chicana, women of Mexican descent in the United States, which is viewed from feminist perspective. The purpose of this study is to reveal the changing perspective of Chicanas toward their feminine identity that has been established by patriarchal Mexican and Catholicism cultures. The result of the study shows that the awareness on feminism existed in each generation stimulates the changing perspective toward the constructed feminine identity.

Key words: Chicana, Chicano, feminism identity

*This article is a part of the thesis the writer writes for her Master’s Degree in American Studies.

**Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum. is a full-time lecturer of the English Department, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University. She receives her Master’s Degree from the American Studies Graduate Program of Gadjah Mada University in 2006.

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COMPREHENDING ADVERTISEMENTS THROUGH JEAN BAUDRILLARD’S POSTMODERNISM*

2012-01-04T13:07:00.003+07:00

Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

Abstract: Nowadays people are living in a postmodern society, which is nihilistic because many things are being simulated that no one actually knows which is real. What people see on television or a magazine, for example, is regarded more real than the reality itself. One of the factors that make a society feel more comfortable in living in a hyper-real world is because of the existence of advertisements or ads. Thus, to understand what is signified by an ad, a reader or consumer needs to take in mind the theory of postmodernism laid out by Jean Baudrillard.

Key words: Postmodernism, Jean Baudrilard, advertisements

*This article is part of a dissertation argument, the writer proposes to the American Studies, Post-Graduate Program of Gadjah Mada University. Many thanks is dedicated to Prof. Dr. C. Soebakdi Soemanto, S.U. for his initial insights on postmodernism thinking.

**Dra. Ekawati M. Dukut, M.Hum. is a full-time lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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NATIVE OR NON-NATIVE TEACHERS: A STUDY ON TERTIARY TEACHERS’ BELIEFS IN INDONESIA

2012-01-04T13:07:00.001+07:00

Nugrahenny T. Zacharias*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

Abstract: ELT professionals and scholars have voiced differing opinions on issues related to nativeness. Given the lack of empirical studies on this topic, the present study aims to document perceptions of non-native teachers on the issues of nativeness. The participants of the study were drawn from one hundred English teachers taught at tertiary level in Indonesia. The study found that the teachers’ beliefs about the issue of nativeness varied considerably depending on the language skill concerned. However, most respondents agreed that nativeness should not be the determining factor of what constitute a good teacher of English, as educational background and teaching skills should be taken into account. This study learns that the role of non-native English-speaking teachers needs to be further explored and socialized particularly in Indonesia where such issues are rarely addressed.

Key words: Native-speaker teachers (NS); Non-native speaker teachers (NNS); Teacher beliefs; English as a Global Language; Teacher Beliefs.

*Nugrahenny T. Zacharias, M.A-ELT. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga.

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JOURNAL MAKING IN INSTRUCTION (TEACHING), RESEARCH & EXTENSION WORK

2012-01-04T13:06:00.007+07:00

Judith F. Balares-Salamat*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

Abstract: This paper focuses on the advantageous use of journal in instructional, extension and research work. With the current trend of teacher’s involvement in three --- instruction, extension, and research --- sometimes four (including production) functions, journal-making process can never be underestimated. From simple reflective statements and insights to more analytical and in-depth viewpoints regarding the events of the day, or the fieldwork’s data gathered in the field, until the process of writing and re-writing the actual output, journal making helps attain what is called as intersubjectivity and multidisciplinarity. This makes a teacher, community/ extension worker, or researcher, a participant to the whole process of development.

Key words: Journal, teaching, research, extension, intersubjectivity

*Dr. Judith F. Balares-Salamat is currently a student of Bahasa Indonesia (Kelas Dasar) at INCULS, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Gadjah Mada University. She is a SEASREP grantee. She finished her PhD Comparative Literature minor in Cultural Anthropology at the University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. She is a permanent faculty member of the Humanities Section, Department of Arts and Sciences (DAS), Camarines Sur State Agricultural College (CSSAC), Pili, Camarines Sur, Philippines, teaching Languages and Literature, in the undergraduate level, and Ethnography in the graduate level. .

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THE USE OF PROMPTING AND CONSEQUATING BEHAVIOURS IN STIMULATING CHILDREN TO USE ENGLISH AS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF TWO INDONESIAN FAMILIES*

2012-01-04T13:06:00.005+07:00

Linggayani Soentoro, Heny Hartono* & Emilia Ninik A.****

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

Abstract: English in Indonesia is still as a foreign language. Yet, there has been a growing need within Indonesian society to raise the children in bilingual or multilingual context by having English as a second language within the families. This article is a report on the research of two nuclear Indonesian families who stimulate their children to use English as the second language. The researched has been done through three procedures, i.e. recording, observation, and interview. In stimulating their children in using English, the parents used several ways, like prompting and consequating behaviours. Yet, the mix of two languages in using those ways made the results of this research unique and special. This article reports about the ways used by the parents. It is found that parents apply prompting but they only apply imitation for consequanting behaviours. It is also found some unique phenomenon that occurred in stimulating the children to use English language.

Key words: bilingual children, parental contribution, second language, prompting, consequating behaviours.

*This article is a development of an S1 thesis that was defended in 2005.

**Linggayani Suntoro, S.S. is an alumnae of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang.

***Heny Hartono, S.S., MPd. is a lecturer at Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

****Emilia Ninik Aydawati, S.P., M.Hum. is a lecturer at Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: P. D. JAMES’ THE LIGHTHOUSE: A RECONSTITUTION OF ENGLISH CLASSIC MYSTERY INGREDIENTS

2012-01-04T13:06:00.003+07:00

Reviewed by Jacob George C*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

THE LIGHTHOUSE

P.D. JAMES

London: Faber,

2005, 400 pp.

ISBN: 0-307-26291-X

*Dr. Jacob George C., is a lecturer of the Department of English, Union Christian College, Alwaye, Kerala, India. He is currently working in Nizwa College of Technology, Sultanate of Oman.

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“A THOUSAND FIREFLIES IN MANHATTAN”: TRANSLATION IN THE SHORT STORIES OF UMAR KAYAM*

2012-01-04T13:06:00.001+07:00

Harry Aveling**

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.2, December 2005)

Abstract: This paper discusses the techniques used by major Indonesian author Umar Kayam for presenting representations of American English and Javanese language and culture in his early Indonesian-language short stories, published as Sri Sumarah dan Cerita Pendek Lainnya in 1975. Using Vinay and Darbelnet’s list of translation strategies, the paper suggests that Kayam made extensive use of direct translation, especially literal translation with borrowings from English, and borrowings with Indonesian glosses for Javanese terms. He also uses calques and adaptations in a very few incidences.

Key words: Umar Kayam, translation, calques and adaptations

*This paper is based on a lecture presented to the Department of Linguistics of Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Indonesia, March 28^th 2005. For the original Indonesian texts referred to here see Sri Sumarah dan cerita pendek lainnya, Pustaka Jaya 1975. My English translations can be found in Sri Sumarah and Other Stories, Heineman Educational Books (Asia), Kuala Lumpur 1980.

**Harry Aveling, Ph.D. receives his Ph.D. in Malay Literature from the National University of Singapore and a Doctorate in Creative Arts (DCA) from the University of Technology, Sydney. In late 2004 he was Visiting Professor of Translation Studies within the School of Language and Translation, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

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CONFERENCING: AN INTERACTIVE STRATEGY IN TEACHING ACADEMIC WRITING

2012-01-04T13:05:00.007+07:00

Wienny Ardriyati* & Sri Murtiningsih**

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.2, December 2005)

Abstract: Writing plays an essential role in our personal and professional lives. It becomes one of the important components in learning and teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP). This article suggests the benefits of teaching writing by using conferencing technique is effective for communicative purposes in an interactive way. In this context, the teaching of writing for the students in their widely varying personal needs and goals can be in the form of conferencing, a short meeting between the students and the teacher. Teaching writing through conferencing gives some benefits, for instance, it enables the teacher to modify and adapt instructional methods and approaches according to the students’ needs. From this perspective, writing implying the successful transmission of ideas from the writer to a reader through a text, this exchange of information becomes a powerful means to encourage the development this language skill.

Key words: one-on-one conferencing, discourse, interactive.

*Wienny Ardriyati, M.Pd. is a lecturer at STIE Stikubank, Semarang. She received her M.Pd. from State University of Semarang.

**Sri Murtiningsih is a lecturer at STIE Stikubank, Semarang.

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RETHINKING TRADITION IN MODERN LIFE

2012-01-04T13:05:00.005+07:00

Krisprantono*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.2, December 2005)

Abstract: In a general sense, tradition is associated with the past that remains integral to us all, while on the other hand modernity look towards the future. Historically, traditions derived from local conditions such as social system, climate, our natural environment and our beliefs about religion and philosophy. However, modernity is more related to our social economic, technology and global information; this influence changes our attitude towards; our heritage and what we should do about it. In the long existence of humanity a new generation appears roughly every twenty five years. In modern time to question is how can tradition survive in the dynamic advancement of modernization? In the West and even in the Eastern culture together with the influence of modernity, traditions and different customs have gradually declined, and in some cases have disappeared. Has tradition and all it stands for been left behind and disappeared?

Keywords: tradition, modernity, culture and philosophy

*Dr. Krisprantono, M.Arch. is a lecturer at the Faculty of Architecture, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF L2 GRAMMAR KNOWLEDGE

2012-01-04T13:05:00.003+07:00

Hesthi Herusatoto*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.2, December 2005)

Abstract: The development of grammatical knowledge is the most essential of learning and teaching a second language (L2). A number of different explanations have been proposed to describe how this process happens. This paper attempts to provide insight into how L2 grammar develops. The kind of external conditions needed by learners to learn grammar and the role of instruction in grammatical development are also discussed in this paper to account for how they contribute to L2 grammar acquisition.

Key words: grammar, grammatical knowledge, interlanguage, acquisition, communicative competence

*Hesthi Herusatoto, S.S., M.A. graduated from the Department of English Letters, Sanata Dharma University in 1999 and earned her M.A. in TESOL Studies from the University of Queensland, Australia in 2003. She has been a lecturer at STBA-LIA Yogyakarta since 2000.

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: THE BEAUTY MYTH: HOW IMAGES OF BEAUTY ARE USED AGAINST WOMEN

2012-01-04T13:05:00.001+07:00

Reviewed by Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.2, December 2005)

NAOMI WOLF

New York: Perennial,

2002, 348pp,

ISBN 0-06-051218-0

*Dra. Ekawati M. Dukut, M.Hum. is a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang whose interest is in Women Studies and American Studies.

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REVISITING THE IMPERIAL IMAGINARY: NOTES ON POST 9/11 AMERICAN MEDIA

2012-01-04T13:04:00.003+07:00

J. David Slocum*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.1, July 2005)

Abstract: The Islamic Middle East has emerged, at least since the fist World Trade Center bombing of 1993, as the site of foremost post-Cold War antagonism with, and threat to, the West. Yet that positioning in state policy and the popular imaginary has deep roots. This paper hopes to show, that antagonism is most forcefully grounded in discourses of terrorism. The emphasis here will be on what might be term the “imperial aesthetics” that have shaped political and media constructions of the Middle East.

Key words: World Trade Centre, terrorism, Middle East

*J. David Slocum, BA, MA, PhD is a lecturer and Associate Dean of Academic and Student Life in New York University, U.S.A.

This paper is based on a lecture delivered to Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang, Indonesia on February 7^th, 2005.

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DOVETAILING CULTURAL VALUES TO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

2012-01-04T13:04:00.001+07:00

Lalitha Ramamurthi*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.1, July 2005)

Abstract: One of the aftermaths of colonial rule in India has been the legacy of English language and literature. Even in this postcolonial phase of renewed interest in national literature, English continues to be the lingua franca in this multi-lingual and multi-racial nation. Yet, this paper argues, there is perceptible change sweeping the English curriculum in Indian universities.

The change in the content of ELT has been effected with a view to introduce Indian cultural values in the place of heavy alien western content. The General English course which is common to all the undergraduate students now includes value-based culture-centered essays and speeches by Indian cultural exponents like Vivekananda, Dr. Radhakrishnan, Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore and Nehru .The English major paper, too includes works of well- known Indian English writers and translations of regional writings.

The paper addresses the continued need for English in the national and international arena, but demonstrates that the content of the English curriculum is increasingly becoming national which is in tune with the postcolonial fighting phase outlined by Franz Fanon. It argues, with illustrations, that ELT with native cultural content would make English more acceptable to the Indian psyche and promote a changed vista of aesthetic-semantic nature and texture of language against the background of native experience and imagination.

Key words: India, postcolonial, aestheti- semantic nature

*Dr. V. Lalitha Ramamurthi is an English literature professor at M.G.R. Janaki College for Women, Madras University, India.

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A SURVEY ON CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPOKEN ENGLISH PROFICIENCY*

2012-01-04T13:03:00.005+07:00

Pan Bingxin & Fu Xiaoli*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.1, July 2005)

Abstract: Based on the results of fieldwork research, this article attempts to explore the relation between college students’ standard of spoken English and their oral English level in Chinese context. It has been found that most of the students have set unrealistic goals toward the proficiency of spoken English, which in turn hampers their initiative to participate in oral activities in and out of classroom setting. There are many possible explanations of this phenomenon, namely, the mistakenly assumed status of English, the different expectations of the English utterances in terms of linguistic accuracy on the part of speakers and listeners, and the unique Chinese conservative characters. Suggestions on countermeasures especially those that might be conducted in class are presented at the end of the article.

Key words: spoken English, Chinese students, problems

*This is part of the project sponsored by Hebei Teachers University.

**Pan Bingxin is a professor of English and Dean of Foreign Languages College of Hebei Teachers’ University, P.R. China. He got his MA at Beijing Foreign Studies University.

***Fu Xiaoli is a lecturer of Hebei Teachers’ University.

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FILMS: CLIMBING INTO CULTURE’S BACKYARD

2012-01-04T13:03:00.003+07:00

Stuart A. Bruce*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.1, July 2005)

Abstract: Learners of a second language must also learn about the culture of that language, not just as a way of supporting their linguistic competence, but as a way of understanding the role of the language in individuals and in society. Cultural Studies courses are a way of providing support for this need, and Moran (1992) suggests a useful framework for the learning/teaching of culture. Film is commonly used as a medium in teaching, and is an excellent resource for intercultural teaching because it is seen as being ‘more than just a text. A case study at Soegijapranata Catholic University showed that films were preferred to other teaching methods, and were considered the best medium with which to teach culture, provided that discussion time was also provided. Student responses were overwhelmingly positive. The course was enjoyable, the film selections were regarded as useful sources of culture, and the course format and syllabus were considered effective. However, offence could be caused by sexual or violent content of films and suggestions are given to overcome this problem. Ways to support this teaching method include the introducing of cultural themes and backgrounds to students before films are presented, and the careful selection of films that are limited to one intercultural theme. Cultural Studies should be taught without any teacher-oriented preconceptions. Also, the medium of films should be included in a syllabus to improve the teaching/learning process and not for any other reason that could be seen as a misuse of this medium.

Key words: Cultural Studies, film, source culture, target culture

*Stuart Alan Bruce, B.A. is a guest lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE THROUGH LITERATURE

2012-01-04T13:03:00.001+07:00

Nugrahenny T. Zacharias*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.1, July 2005)

Abstract: In the area of language teaching, it is widely known that there is a de-facto segregation between literature and culture. Both literature and culture are taught separately. Rarely do the two meet in one classroom regardless the strong ties between them. It is without doubt that literature is the media where elements of culture blend and interact. Literature is the media in which people reflect and challenge either their own culture or others’. Unfortunately, literature rarely has a role as far as culture teaching and learning are concerned. This brings to the central thrust of this paper. In this paper, I would argue that literature is the best way to facilitate culture learning. It suggests how literary texts, if chosen selectively, would pave the way to cultural awareness and reflection. In addition, not only will students learn about culture but they will also experience personal enjoyment and emotional gain throughout the process. It will end with samples of activities where literature is used.

Key words: literature, culture, cultural awareness, literary texts

Nugraheny T. Zacharias, M.A. is a faculty member of Satya Wacana Christian University Salatiga, Indonesia. She obtained her MA in English Language Teaching (ME-ELT) from Assumption University, Thailand.

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DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE THROUGH LITERATURE

2012-01-04T11:33:00.000+07:00

Nugrahenny T. Zacharias*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.1, July 2005)

Key words: literature, culture, cultural awareness, literary texts

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: A SURGE OF LANGUAGE: TEACHING POETRY DAY BY DAY

2012-01-03T12:05:00.001+07:00

Reviewed by Subur L. Wardoyo*

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.1, July 2005)

BARON WORMSER AND DAVID CAPELLA

Portsmouth: Heinemann

2004, 229 pp.

ISBN 0-325-00606-7

*Drs. Subur L. Wardoyo, DipTEFL, M.A., PhD, is a full-time lecturer at Semarang State University and at the Graduate Program of Literature at Diponegoro University, Semarang.

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ASSIMILATION IN AMY TAN’S THE KITCHEN GOD’S WIFE

2012-01-03T12:02:00.007+07:00

Subur Laksmono Wardoyo*

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.2, December 2004)

Abstract: Assimilation of Chinese Americans may take the mode of China Doll, Anglo Conformity, or Cultural Pluralism. Each of those three modes appears in The Kitchen God’s Wife in the way the main character starts out as a China Doll, turns into some sort of Anglo Conformity, and finally assumes an attitude of Cultural Pluralism.

Key words: orientalism, China doll, Anglo Ccnformity, cultural pluralism

*Subur L. Wardoyo, Ph.D. teaches Literary Semiotics at the Graduate Program of Literature, Dionegoro University, and Major American Writers at the Undergraduate Program of Semarang State University.

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THE PROBLEM OF AMERICAN BORN CHINESE’S INTERRACIAL MARRIAGE AS SEEN IN THE JOY LUCK CLUB*

2012-01-03T12:02:00.005+07:00

May Ariani. S, Ekawati M. Dukut*, and MFY. Liza Dwi Ardhiyanti****

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.2, December 2004)

Abstract: One thing that commonly happens in a multiracial country is the interracial marriage, so does in America. As we know that America is a multiracial country, a place where people with different races, ethnic and culture live. Here, many different ethnics start to interact and mix. The interracial marriage usually is not easy. The couple has to face the different cultures problems, besides that they also will face another problem from their families or society, the interracial marriage rejection. In the case of interracial marriage rejection, I will divide the rejection based on its reasons. The first reason is different cultures and the second reason is the generation gap.

Key Words: Interracial marriage, multiracial, generation gap.

*This article is a development of the thesis defended at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

**May Ariani Susilo, S.S. is an alumnae of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

***Dra. Ekawati M. Dukut, M.Hum. is a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

****Dra. MFY Liza Dwi Ardhiyanti, M.Hum is a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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THE FAMILY VALUES IN THE CONSTELLATION OF THE REBELS IN SHAKESPEARE’S HENRY 1V ( part 1)

2012-01-03T12:02:00.003+07:00

GM Adhyanggono*

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.2, December 2004)

Abstract: It is hard to say that all of Shakespeare’s plays exclude the issues of parents, children and politics of power. Those issues are to a certain degree intertwined. As a case in point, Henry IV (part one) embodies such a mingled concept. It is quite appealing to highlight the complexity of the familial relationships among the characters and their vested interests which enhance the plot of the play. Shakespeare, in this case, proves to be very intelligent in moulding the issues.

Key words: Family values, Shakespeare, Henry IV

*GM Adhyanggono, S.S., M.A. is a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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LANGUAGE USE BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN

2012-01-03T12:02:00.001+07:00

Tri Rina Budiwati*

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.2, December 2004)

Abstract: Sex differences bring a consequence of difference in language use between men and women. From the long process of socio-cultural legitimization in gender, the difference is assumed predestine that gives consequence of inequality of sex treatment in language. In short, sex and gender differences pervade all aspects of language. English use between men and women manifests in phonology, morphology and vocabulary, intonation patterns, and conversational styles.

Key words: gender, language, men, women

*Tri Rina Budiwati, S.S., M.Hum. is a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta.

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AN ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN – ENGLISH CODE SWITCHING IN ELECTRONIC MAILS

2012-01-03T11:59:00.005+07:00

Cecilia Titiek Murniati*

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.2, December 2004)

Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze and describe the Indonesian – English code switching in electronic mails using Gumperz and Romaine’s classifications of code switching. The results showed that the Indonesian – English code switching tend to take place within sentence boundary rather than between sentence boundary. The findings also reveal that some words or phrases undergo morphological adaptation such as affixation and reduplication. With regard to the function of code switching, the Indonesian – English code switching are employed as interjections/sentence fillers, message qualification, personalization, and lexical gap-filling

Key words: code switching, lexical gap-filling, electronic mail

*Dra. Cecilia T. Murniati, M.A. is a lectuerr at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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TWO APPROACHES TO THE POSITIONING OF TRANSLATED TEXTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ITAMAR EVEN - ZOHAR’S POLYSYSTEM STUDIES AND GIDEON TOURY’S DESCRIPTIVE TRANSLATION STUDIES AND BEYOND

2012-01-03T11:59:00.003+07:00

Harry Aveling*

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.2, December 2004)

Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the work of two contemporary scholars of Translation theory, Itamar Even-Zohar and Gideon Toury, both of whom work at the University of Tel Aviv. Their studies draw on Russian Formalism. Even-Zohar’s Polysystem theory pays attention to the ways in which source texts are received by the target culture and within its “literary polysystem”. He particularly emphasises the way in which source texts are selected by the target literature, and the way in which translated works adopt specific norms, behaviours, and policies which are part of that receiving system. Gideon Toury also sees the act of translation as fulfilling a function allotted by the receiving community and extends Even-Zohar’s discussion by a more detailed consideration of the role of norms in the translation process. The paper suggests that Toury’s ideas have been more readily accepted by the academic community because of the fit with other dimensions of contemporary thought.

Key words: translated texts, literary polysystem, Russian formalism

*Harry Aveling, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Indonesian and Malay in the Department of Asian Studies at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, and Adjunct Professor of Southeast Asian Literature at Ohio University. He holds the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy, in Malay Studies, from the National University of Singapore, and Doctor of Creative Arts, in Writing, from the University of Technology, Sydney.

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: LOOKING INTO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN EAST ASIA THROUGH TWIN VOLUMES

2012-01-03T11:59:00.001+07:00

Reviewed by BAMBANG YUDI CAHYONO*

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.2, December 2004)

LANGUAGE POLICIES AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION:

The Impact in East Asian Countries in the Next Decade (2^nd ed).

Edited by Ho Wah Kam and Ruth Y.L. Wong

Singapore: Eastern Universities Press

2004, xiv + 384 pp.

ISBN: 9812103376

ENGLISH LANGUAE TEACHING IN EAST ASIA TODAY:

Changing Policies and Practices (2^nd ed).

Edited by Ho Wah Kam and Rurh Y.L. Wong

Singapore: Eastern Universities Press

2004, xxxvi + 474 pp

ISBN: 9812103368

*Drs. Bmang Yudi Cahyono, M.A. is a lecturer at the English Department of the State University of Malang and currently a PhD student at the Department of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics of the University of Melbourne.

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DO INTERNATIONAL NESB STUDENTS NEED AN ACADEMIC LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM?*

2012-01-03T11:58:00.003+07:00

Bambang Yudi Cahyono**

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.1, July 2004)

Abstract: This study examined the academic language skills of international students from non-English speaking background (NESB) at the University of Melbourne. It aimed to determine whether or not they need an academic language development program. The participants were 158 international NESB students of distinct categories. The students’ academic languages were measured using the Diagnostic English Language Assessment (DELA) test administered before the commencement of their academic study. Scores of the test were compared across categories and correlated across academic language skills. The result from this study suggested that, in general, international NESB students need a language development to improve their academic writing skill. In addition, it was suggested that development of the academic writing skill of international NESB students be accomplished trough a program directly related to academic language writing.

Key words: academic language skills, academic language development program, English language proficiency, International NESB students.

*I would like to thank Kathryn Hill, Noriko Iwashita, Tim McNamara, Joanna Tapper, Celia Thompson, and Lucia Wong of the University of Melbourne, Australia for their comments and help during the preparation and writing of this article.

**Drs. Bambang Yudi Cahyono, M.A. is a faculty member of the English Department of the State University of Malang and currently a PhD student in the Department of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics of the University of Melbourne, Australia.

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CONTEXTUAL COHERENCE IN RECOUNT ESSAYS

2012-01-03T11:58:00.001+07:00

Wienny Ardriyati* & Heny Hartono**

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.1, July 2004)

Abstract: Writing is the most difficult aspects in language skills. In fact, for some learners writing could be the most difficult skill compared to other language skills. This skill requires precise grammar, appropriate uses of cohesive devices, capability to maintain the coherence. Maintaining the coherence, especially the contextual coherence in recount essays is not easy. Learners often have problems with the use of cohesive devices, grammatical structures, and the schematic structure of a recount. In fact, those three problems are the components that support contextual coherence. When there are problems in those components, contextual coherence cannot be achieved.

Key words: Contextual coherence, schematic structure, recount.

*Dra. Wienny Ardriyati, M.Pd. is a lecturer at STIKUBANK, Semarang.

**Heny Hartono, S.S. , M.Pd. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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LITERACY FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE*

2012-01-03T11:57:00.001+07:00

Michelle McAnuff-Gumbs**

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.1, July 2004)

Abstract: Literacy has become a site for playing out the unjust social arrangements of hierarchy and inequity in our educational institutions, where minorities and marginalized ‘others’ predictably fail (Gilmore, 2003:10). It is for this reason that this paper examines teacher attitudes to obstacles to the establishment of literacy partnerships with parents of children of poverty. The intersection of such attitude with issues of equity of access to and participation I educational service has become the main focus. Teacher attitude is explored along eight dimensions grounded in the psychological literature. In terms of research, this paper discusses also the forces that contribute to failed or failing partnership efforts.

Keywords: literacy, teacher attitudes, children.

*This article is a study about the understanding of teacher attitudes towards the obstacles faced in the establishment of literacy partnerships between parents and children of poverty.

**Michelle McAnuff-Gumbs is a doctorate candidate in the College of Education, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, U.S.A.

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FAMILIARITY OF WORDS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE CORRECT PRONUNCIATON: HELPFUL OR NOT?*

2012-01-03T11:56:00.003+07:00

Desianto Fajar Wibisono, Wuryani Hartanto*, & Cecilia Titiek Murniati****

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.1, July 2004)

Abstract: Language is the major instrument of human beings to communicate with one another. This means that the primary role of language is as an instrument in information exchange among people. Because language is primarily spoken, a speaker should pay attention to his or her pronunciation in order to avoid misunderstanding. When conducting a research on the problem of incorrect pronunciation of some specific English consonants in the Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang, the researcher found a unique case in relation with familiarity of the pronunciation among the respondents. In his research, the researcher used a pronunciation test consisting of words containing the problematic consonants and the respondents were some of the fist year students of the Faculty of letters Soegijapranata Catholic University. The words were taken from the most familiar English to the less familiar English words to the respondents. The results are quite surprising because the familiar words are not always pronounced correctly and the less familiar words are not always pronounced incorrectly. What makes this case happen? What are the factors influencing the respondents’ performance leading to correct or incorrect pronunciation in relation in relation with their degree of familiarity to the words given? This article will discuss the problems and find out the factors influencing the respondents’ pronunciation.

Key words: pronunciation, familiarity, correct, incorrect.

*This article is a development of the thesis entitled “Common Errors in Pronouncing Specific English Consonants Among Learners of English as a Foreign Language: A Study of the First Year Students of the Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang” that was defended at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranta Catholic University Semarang on 25 October 2003.

**Desiarnto Fajar Wibisono, S.S. is an alumnus of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

***Dra. Wuryani Hartanto, M. A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang.

****Dra. Cecilia T. Murniati, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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THE NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION: AN EXPRESSION OF THE BLACK FREEDOM

2012-01-03T11:56:00.001+07:00

Patricia Rinto Wahyu Anggraini*

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.1, July 2004)

Abstract: the history of black America is miserable. Their ancestors coming from West Africa were taken to America trough the South to become slaves. Their human rights wee banned for centuries. They lived in a democratic country, America, but they had no right to live properly. They dreamt to have a life as the whites had. In the nineteenth century, it happened that a rat development in Protestant Christendom opened the opportunity for the establishment of black churches. The National Baptist Convention, whose major followers were blacks, was a denomination that existed in America. This denomination accommodated the aspiration of freedom for the blacks in America.

Key words: blacks, nineteenth century, the National Baptist Convention.

*Dra. Patricia Rintho Wahyu Anggraini, M.Hum. is a lecturer of Janabadra University, Yogyakarta. She is an alumnae of the American Studies Graduate Program, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.

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JAVANESE VILLAGE WISDOM: AN ANALYSIS OF TWO STORIES BY TURIYO RAGILPUTRA*

2012-01-03T11:55:00.001+07:00

Yoseph Bambang M.S.**

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.1, July 2004)

Abstract: This paper present an analysis of two short stories by the contemporary Javanese poet and short story writer Turiyo Ragilputra. These stories were originally written in Javanese during the 1990s. Like most modern literary works in Javanese, these stories are about the lives of ordinary people in contemporary rural Java. However, the incidents in the stories are not simple. Lives in contemporary rural Java-the most modern pat of Indonesia-have become complicated and different from how they used to be. During the 1990s, particularly, Indonesia underwent many significant economic, political, and social changes, and these changes-which actually started to begin in 1960s (Anderson, 1965)-affected the lives of common people in rural areas. In these stories, Turiyo Ragilputra records these changes in rural Central Java trough the incidents and the relationship among the characters. In a way, it is trough the incidents and the relationship of the characters of the stories that we can take a closer look at the contemporary rural Javanese lives, culture, and values. In addition, we can also take a closer look at what kinds of problems contemporary Javanese villagers have.

Key words: Javanese, wisdom, Turiyo Ragilputra.

* I would like to thank Dr. Harry Aveling for reading the earlier draft of this paper.

**Drs. Yoseph Bambang Margono S., M.Si., M.A. is a lecturer of AKABA 17 Agustus, Semarang.

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: THE GOLDEN NOTEBOOK

2012-01-03T11:54:00.003+07:00

Reviewed by:

GM. Adhyanggono*

(Published in CELT, vol. 4, no.1, July 2004)

DORIS LESSING

Great Britain: Flamingo HarperCollins Publisher Ltd.,

2002, 576pp

ISBN: 0-586-08923-3

*Gerardus Majella Adhyanggono S.S., M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang.

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SULA: A PORTRAYAL OF BLACK AMERICAN WOMAN AS HEAD OF THE FAMILY

2012-01-03T11:54:00.001+07:00

Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut*

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.2, December 2003)

Abstract: In a world of patriarchy, the head of a family is usually the male. However, under certain circumstances, such as the depression era of the 1930s that the Black American family had to face, the mother is forced to become the head of the family. Through a brief look at history, actually the function of Black American woman as the key person of upholding the family ties and sustaining the family’s livelihood has been carried out ever since the Blacks arrived in America as slaves. Through one kind of cultural studies approach, i.e. an American studies approach, the article discusses this event through a close analysis of the female characters described in the novel ‘Sula’.

Key words: Black American women, head of the family, Sula

*Dra. Ekawati M. Dukut, M.Hum is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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INDONESIAN STUDENTS MISCONCEPTION IN USING PRESENT PERFECT TENSE TO WRITE COMPOSITION

2012-01-03T11:53:00.001+07:00

Syaifur Rochman*

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.2, December 2003)

Abstract: This article describes a research on the error analysis in the uses of present perfect tense made by freshmen studying at English Department in Universitas Jenderal Soedirman (UNSOED). It investigates the students’ mistakes in using the present perfect forms when writing composition. The result shows that most respondents still had difficulties in applying present perfect into sentences appropriately. This is mainly due to the respondents’ lack of understanding on what the present perfect means. This suggests that students should improve their understanding on the present perfect given to its common use both in written and spoken English.

Key words: Indonesian students, misconception, present perfect

*Drs. Syaifur Rochman, B.Ed., M.Ed. TESOL is a lecturer of English Language and Literature Department of Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto.

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THE ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF WRITING

2012-01-03T11:51:00.003+07:00

Aridah*

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.2, December 2003)

Abstract: Feedback, which is not new in the practice of teaching and learning of writing, has become a controversial issue recently. An important point of debates is whether feedback is necessary. This article aims to discuss the issue of feedback by providing arguments that feedback is helpful and language learners do need it. A number of evidences for the use of feedback are provided. In terms of grammatical errors, feedback contributes to improvement in the accuracy of students’ writing. On the other hand, feedback on contents provides students with hints for ideas to be developed further and helps stimulate the development of their logical reasoning. This article also highlights the issue of feedback from the perspective of the students. An emphasis on the importance of further research on feedback concludes the discussion in this article.

Key words: feedback, teaching and learning of writing

*Dra. Aridah, M.A. is a lecturer at the English Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Mulawarman University, Samarinda.

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METAPHORICAL MEANING ATTACHED TO LIQUOR ADVERTISEMENTS*

2012-01-03T11:51:00.001+07:00

Harnats Ardhiansyah**, Angelika Riyandari*** & Y.E. Budiyana****

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.2, December 2003)

Abstract: Advertising may be viewed as the construction of the semiotic worlds for persuading purchasers to consume what is advertised. Printed advertisement often involves manipulation of linguistic forms to achieve the persuasion. In addition, metaphor is an effective way to achieve the persuasion role since it is closely related to the way of people’s thinking and concept of something in their mind, which is fundamentally metaphorical in nature. The data are collected from two liquor advertisements and respondents’ questionnaires. The two advertisements discussed in this article were collected from Maxim magazine, September 2002 edition and the respondents’ questionnaires were distributed to 20 respondents to find out their interpretations on metaphorical advertisements due to written language message of advertisements. In addition, the two examples of printed advertisements, instances of metaphorical advertisements, are reviewed, identified, and explained by using the theories of Saussure’s Dydical Sign Model to find the process of metaphors attached to the advertisements. The results of the study show that people’s interpretations on metaphors are basically related to their experience offered by metaphors. It means that people will interpret the meaning of the advertisements based on such circumstances in which they have ever involved in.

Key words: liquor advertisement, metaphors, Saussure’s Dydical Sign Model

*This article is a development of a thesis defended at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University.

**Harnats Ardhiansyah, S.S. is an alumnae of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang.

***Angelika Riyandari, S.S., M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang.

****Drs. Yoseph Edmundus Budiyana, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang.

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SUPERNATURAL BELIEF IN JAVANESE CULTURE: INEVITABLE AND ERRONEOUS*

2012-01-03T11:50:00.007+07:00

Stuart A. Bruce**

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.2, December 2003)

Abstract: The Javanese people have a healthy belief in ghosts, magic and the supernatural; one which often seems contradictory to the more scientifically-based beliefs held in the western world. These beliefs are born from ignorance and from culture. Ignorance here has a relationship to levels of both literacy and personal intelligence, and if ignorance causes a lack of understanding, lack of understanding is a breeding ground for belief in ghosts. The culture of the Javanese is the other major factor in producing such strong and widely-held beliefs. Traditional and modern popular cultures create a mental pre-conditioning that affects judgement. Similarly, collective belief and especially the use of story give the Javanese an excellent foundation for embracing all things supernatural. Combined with prevalent social conditions, the Javanese are convinced, but wrongly so, of the existence of ghosts and magic.

Key words: supernatural, ignorance, culture, science, ghosts

*This article is based on, and is a development of, a speech entitled Orientals, Magic and Superstition: The Western Point of View, presented on October 15, 2003 at Vina House, Semarang, under the auspieces of The English Circle.

**Stuart Alan Bruce, B.A. is a graduate of the English Language Department of Lancaster University, U.K. He is currently lecturing at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang.

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CONTEMPORARY WAYANG KULIT PERFORMANCE: A CRISIS IN JAVANESE CULTURE?*

2012-01-03T11:50:00.005+07:00

Yosep Bambang Margono S.**

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.2, December 2003)

Abstract: Wayang kulit or shadow puppet theater performance has been greatly changing. Changes occur in many aspects such as in terms of the duration or length of the performance, its structure, the number of dalang who performs it,as well as the number of female singers (sindhen or waranggana) who accompany the dalang. Consequently, now wayang kulit performance is seen more as tontonan (entertainment) than as tuntunan (moral teachings). One of the main factors of this big change is the intrusion of western culture into Indonesia in general and Java in particular. This results in the reluctance of the young, especially, in watching this form of traditional art. Therefore, the change(s) in the performance of wayang kulit or shadow theater is one of the efforts to make this form of traditional art survive.

Key words: wayang kulit performance, traditional art, Javanese culture, tuntunan (moral teachings), tontonan (entertainment), cultural debates, survival

*I would like to thank Dr. Richard McGinn for reading the earlier draft of this paper.

**Drs. Yoseph Bambang Margono S., M.Si., M.A. is a lecturer of AKABA 17 Agustus, Semarang.

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: HOW TO TEACH ENGLISH: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PRACTICE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

2012-01-03T11:50:00.003+07:00

Reviewed by Heny Hartono*

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.2, December 2003)

JEREMY HARMER

Malaysia: Longman,

2001, 198pp

ISBN: 0582-9796-6

*Heny Hartono, S.S. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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‘MISTAKES’ IN TRANSLATION: A FUNCTIONALIST APPROACH*

2012-01-03T11:50:00.001+07:00

Harry Aveling**

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.1, July 2003)

Abstract: Translators are regularly berated by various critics for their apparently endless “mistakes”. All of us who are practising translators know this well. We labour for years to translate a text, in a sensitive and caring way, only to be told that “there is a comma missing on page 45”, “this sort of bird is a pigeon and not a magpie”, and “the subjunctive, which is a particular feature of this author’s style in the original, is missing in the translation”. Mistakes, mistakes, mistakes …

In choosing this particular topic, I have the sense that it is one for which my critics, at least, consider me singularly qualified. In this article, I wish to consider here whether it is still meaningful to consider “mistakes” as a failure to achieve “equivalence, adequacy, accuracy, etc.,” especially in these postmodern days in which the concept of multiple readings is well established. Part of my argument will also distinguish between what might be initially considered “dumb mistakes” (foolish errors) and “deliberate mistakes”, the latter occurring when a translator specifically chooses to recreate the text in a way that seems to deviate from the literal surface meaning of the source text. Thirdly, I will suggest that the evaluation of translation needs not to insist that “This is wrong”, but rather to ask “Why has the translator chosen this particular way of translation?” and “What is it that s/he is trying to bring across from the original text into the re-enactment of it?”

Key words : mistakes, translation, functionalist approach

*This paper was originally presented to the Third Workshop on the Art of Translation, held at SOAS, University of London, September 2002. It has been revised for publication here.

**Harry Aveling, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Indonesian and Malay in the Department of Asian Studies at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, and Adjunct Professor of Southeast Asian Literature at Ohio University. He holds the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy in Malay Studies, from the National University of Singapore, and Doctor of Creative Arts in Writing, from the University of Technology, Sydney.

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DILEMMA IN EXPLOITING MEDIA TECHNOLOGY IN ELT: BETWEEN OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGE

2012-01-03T11:49:00.005+07:00

Anton Suratno*

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.1, July 2003)

Abstract: Since the turn of the twentieth century, sophisticated technologies have marked the revolutionary era of human beings. The rate of the progress is so incredible that no one is able to predict what other changes may be happening. Despite being late, ELT world has slowly begun to change by adopting media technologies in teaching. During the course of the change, however, the practitioners of the technologies pose a dilemma in the level of implementation. On the one hand, they offer grand opportunities to create a brighter future, but on the other hand, they bring with them challenges that may prevent the teacher practitioners from adopting them in language teaching practices. Thus, it is within this perspective that this paper is trying to discuss by viewing them from what the opportunities and the challenges it poses by offering a way out from it. This paper will mainly be a reflective discussion in nature, as it tries to open up those two opposing sides and underlines the potentially remaining problems that may intact if they are not coped with in a proper manner.

Key words: media technology, dilemma, polarization

*Drs. Antonius Suratno, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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THE LANGUAGE IN CHINUA ACHEBE'S A MAN OF THE PEOPLE

2012-01-03T11:49:00.003+07:00

Angelika Riyandari*

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.1, July 2003)

Abstract: Achebe's 'A Man of the People' as a product of post ‑ colonial literature shows an interaction between imperial culture and the native cultural practices especially, in terms of language. The limitation and failure of standard English to express local experiences i.e. indigenous metaphor is shown. The emergence of new English as a result of the reconstruction and expansion of the standard English it’s thus encouraged. It is resulted in the use of four different modes in the novel: standard English narration, standard English dialogue, pidgin English and native language which reflects different attitudes implied by the speakers.

Key words: post‑colonial literature, standard English, pidgin English, native language, new English

*Angelika Riyandari, S.S., M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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SOME CONSIDERATIONS IN ORAL TEST

2012-01-03T11:49:00.001+07:00

Emilia Ninik Aydawati*

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.1, July 2003)

Abstract: Most English teachers usually conduct oral tests based on their intuition. They do not use any theoretical basis in scoring. In some English courses, even though there is a routine meeting to discuss material, method and other things, which relate to learning teaching activities, they do not pay much attention in discussing scoring system. So far teachers give score on learners' oral proficiency or achievement based on the notes they may make during the interview or just based on their general impression without trying to analyze some different aspects of the learners' speaking ability. Perhaps they neglect to make a scoring guide because it is not easy and it takes time as what Underhill (1987:11) has stated. According to him oral test can often be more difficult to design, administer and mark. It is sometimes felt that giving someone an oral interview is a quick and painless way of assessing that person's oral proficiency. Actually a speaking test is a repeatable procedure to measure speaking ability that requires the learner to speak, or to produce utterances and he/she is assessed on the basis of his/ her utterances (Underhill 1987:7). In order to measure his/her speaking ability, teachers may use some speaking prompts, such as picture, topic or photograph but they do not use any scoring guide in their marking process. Since Oral test has got only less attention than other skills, this paper is directed to show some considerations in oral test: steps in developing oral test, type of oral test and its marking system, including validity and reliability.

Key Words: oral test, validity, reliability

*Emilia Ninik Aydawati, S.P. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang. She is currently studying Applied Linguistics in the Graduate Program of Atmajaya Catholic University in Jakarta.

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THUKUL’S POEMS OF RESISTANCE IN AKU INGIN JADI PELURU

2012-01-03T11:48:00.005+07:00

B. Retang Wohangara*

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.1, July 2003)

Abstract: Those who attempt to voice critically about the injustice done by the state frequently face the government’s “iron hands”. Indonesia history has noted how some Indonesian critics from various fields are accused of threatening national stability so that they have to be culturized through many kinds of terror. Conscience writers (Mangunwijaya’s term) are the easy targets of state violence because they portray the powerless, “wong cilik” (the common folk/little people) as the victims of development, and the inappropriateness of the elites’ behavior. For an authoritative regime, such criticism doesn’t sound good because it makes look bad in front of the public. In the New Order regime, Wiji Thukul is one of Indonesian poets who does an advocacy for “wong cilik”. His poems are screams of the people from huts, factories, and graves.

Key words : New Order, resistance, literature, wong cilik

*B. Retang Wohangara, S.S. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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IDENTIFYING STUDENTS’NEEDS OF RELEVANT LANGUAGE SKILL MATERIALS AND FACILITIES: A NEEDS ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE SKILLS CONDUCTED AT THE FACULTY OF LETTERS OF SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY*

2012-01-03T11:48:00.003+07:00

Wuryani Hartanto** & Lilik Ekawati Wijaja***

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.1, July 2003)

Abstract: The idea to conduct needs analysis is motivated by the rapid development in English Language which causes many demands of English in the field of education, jobs and careers. Such development motivates the emergence of ESP (English for Specific Purposes ) which has a great relation to the students’ future jobs and careers. As a result, every faculty of letters should equip its students with appropriate language skills, language skill materials and facilities to prepare them in facing their future jobs and careers. Based on such a situation, needs analysis is worth conducting in order to find out what is actually needed by the students. Several factors which will be explained in this study are as follows: the concept of needs, the definition of needs analysis, the general overview about the importance of conducting needs analysis, the right time for implementing needs analysis, the contribution of language skills, etc. The results of all the analysis show the students’ opinions on the language skills, language skill materials and facilities. Therefore, they will be useful for improving the teaching and learning processes in every faculty of letters, especially the Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University.

Key words: needs analysis, language skill, Faculty of Letters.

*This article is a development of the thesis defended at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

**Dra. Wuryani Hartanto, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

***Lilik Ekawati Wijaja, S.S. is an alumnae of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: GENES, PEOPLES AND LANGUAGES

2012-01-03T11:48:00.001+07:00

Reviewed by Cecilia Titiek Murniati*

(Published in CELT, vol. 3, no.1, July 2003)

LUIGI LUCA CAVALLI-SFORZA

USA: University of California Press,

2001, 228 pp,

ISBN: 0-520-22873-1

*Dra. Cecilia T. Murniati, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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MAXIMIZING TECHNOLOGY IN LANGUAGE TEACHING

2012-01-03T11:47:00.003+07:00

Cecilia Titiek Murniati*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.2, December 2002)

Abstract: In this digital era, the computer has an increasingly important role in improving all aspects of life. Most people use the computer to make their task easier and faster. Likewise, in language teaching, it has been widely used to enhance the teaching and learning process. Learners as well as teachers can take advantage of computers. Some of the advantages are the so-called Computer Enhanced Instruction, and the electronic mail. Computer Enhanced Instruction refers to language software and courseware that learners can use either independently or in-groups. Internet is one of the most amazing inventions in the 20^th century, without a doubt, provides many advantages for teachers and learners. It is the easiest way to access different kinds of information that they need for the teaching and learning process. Next, learners and teachers can make use of emails to communicate and improve their language skills. Considering the advantages of computers in language teaching both learners and teachers are encouraged to use it to improve their skills and to obtain more information.

Key words: Computer Enhanced Instruction, electronic mail, digital era

*Dra. Cecilia T. Murniati, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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IN NEED OF CRITERIA TO EVALUATE ELT TEXT BOOKS

2012-01-03T11:47:00.001+07:00

Yoseph Edmundus Budiyana*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.2, December 2002)

Abstract: With reference to the introduction of English teaching at the Primary Schools in Indonesia, textbooks are very important things to deal with due to the fact that these are considered as "the visible heart of the ELT programme" for both students and teachers (Sheldon 1988:237). To meet the needs of the textbooks, schools buy textbooks commercially published by local and foreign publishers, whose writers are native speakers. They normally live in their own culture, and therefore find it hard to compose data beyond their own cultural boundaries. As a result, the definition and application of systematic criteria for assessing those published by local as well as foreign publishers are vital. By identifying the potential strengths and weaknesses of textbooks in general with the suggested criteria, the teacher will have a comparative basis for making decisions and he/she is unlikely to make a bad choice of textbooks.

Key words: ELT (English Language Teaching), criteria, textbook, Primary School

*Drs. Y.E. Budiyana, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

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CA-BAU-KAN: A STORY OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF TIONGHOA TO THE NATION-BUILDING OF INDONESIA

2012-01-03T11:46:00.007+07:00

Yohanes Hartadi*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.2, December 2002)

Abstract: Ethnic and racial riots still happen in Indonesia. There must be a deeply-rooted reason for that. Remy Sylado’s Ca-Bau-Kan concerns with a racial enmity between the pribumi and the Tionghoa (Indonesian Chinese). The enmity is growing from the old times when the Dutch and the Japanese colonized the country. They spreaded false ideas against the Tionghoa among the pribumi. The Dutch also had the Tionghoa live in a particular area so that they were isolated from the interraction with the pribumi. Most pribumi do not understand these causes, they even produce stereotypes for generations. Ca-Bau-Kan tries to counter the stereotypes saying that the Tionghoa did not contribute anything for the nation-building of Indonesia.

Key words: the pribumi, the Tionghoa, stereotypes

*Yohanes Hartadi, S.S. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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THE FLAPPERS: A ROMANTIC AND SEXUAL REVOLUTION IN THE TWENTIES FROM THE EYES OF FITZGERALD’S BERNICE BOBS HER HAIR

2012-01-03T11:46:00.005+07:00

Wishnoebroto*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.2, December 2002)

Abstract: Most of Fitzgerald’s novels and stories start as a romance of love or a fantasy of extravagant glamour in representing his characters. Bernice Bobs Her Hair, however, suggests Fitzgerald’s different approach by reducing this element. Critics believe that it is simply because it is a short story, or maybe because it is more based on his personal concern about his society. Nevertheless, this work has surprised many people that latter become Fitzgerald’s unique characteristics in writing his fictions.

Compared to other Fitzgerald’s work, Bernice’s settings and the interplay between its characters and the places they live are quite simple. However, this simplicity contains deceptive symbolism that replicates American culture in the twenties. Fitzgerald’s unparalleled representation of Jazz Age as a time of post war’s confusion as well as negative consequence of industrialism is brilliantly pictured in this story.

Fitzgerald uses the twenties, the time setting of the story, as a source of imagery objects that reflects social trends and individual desires. Although he uses local and restricted settings for the action site of the story, the impression of America in the twenties can be strongly felt in this story. Such quality, the writer argues, proves the outstanding ability of Fitzgerald’s fiction in picturing the story with its complexities and sophistication that crosses the barrier of time and space.

This article analyzes an old topic, but relatively a challenging subject in most of Fitzgerald’s fiction: its connection to the nineteen twenties of America. It tries to look at the dynamic of the women in the twenties not only from the view of Fitzgerald as an author, but is more likely through panoramic view of the social and psychological landscape of the time. The writer argues and confirms Fitzgerald’s excellent aesthetic and philosophical quality in picturing cultural dynamic of a society.

Key Words: Jazz Age, Fitzgerald, nineteen twenties of America

*Wishnoebroto, S.Pd., M.Hum., M.A. is an alumni of the American Studies Graduate Program, Gadjah Mada University of Yogyakarta and the American Studies Graduate Program at the University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, Alabama, U.S.A.

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THE STRUGGLE OF AMERICAN WOMEN IN PURSUING EQUALITY RIGHTS

2012-01-03T11:46:00.003+07:00

M.F.Y. Liza Dwi Ardhiyanti*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.2, December 2002)

Abstract: As a big and super-power country, America is often assumed to offer beautiful hopes and dreams. It is also thought that America is the land of freedom. This makes people around the world want to immigrate to America or at least imitate the American way of life and also the spirit of America. Citizen’s freedom of expression, equality on rights and duties and appreciation on individuals privacy has made other people envy of the country. America is known as a country, which plays special attention especially on human rights, and even human rights become one of the important considerations in America’s domestics and foreign political affairs. However, there are still other unknown aspects of American’s life - that is women subordination. Throughout most of history, women generally have had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than men. Wifehood and motherhood were regarded as women’s most significant professions. American women have been struggling for their rights through stern protests towards sexual discrimination in election, human resources and domestic affairs. Many women’s organizations were founded like The National Organization for Women; The Women’s Equity Action League; The New York Radical Feminist; The National Black Feminist Organization and Working Women; all of them proposed and demanded the equality rights between men and women.

Key words: American women, equality rights, struggle.

*Dra. M.F.Y. Liza Dwi Ardhiyanti is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, who is currently studying at the American Studies Graduate Program of Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta.

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CELIE: A PORTRAYAL OF AN AFRO-AMERICAN WOMAN’S REJECTION OF TRADITIONAL VALUES*

2012-01-03T11:46:00.001+07:00

Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut & Nuki Dhamayanti*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.2, December 2002)

Abstract: The world of literature can be a medium of expressing the writer's expressions and ideas. Universal topics such as, love, death, and war often become subject matters in the world of literature. In the novel, The Color Purple, Alice Walker describes the oppression experienced by Afro‑American women in the female characters Celie, Nettie, Shug Avery, Sofia, and Mary Agnes who faced sexual discriminations in a patriarchal society. Womanhood, education, and lesbianism are factors that help the Afro‑American women to free themselves from traditional values. The Color Purple puts into words the process of' its main character, Celie, who tries to reject and escape from the male domination of her world. The other Afro‑American women characters who help Celie to find her self‑identity represent the manifestation of the rejection of the traditional values. This article, which uses the socio-historical and feminism approaches is intended to analyze the Afro-American women's rejection of traditional values by focusing on the major character of' Walker's The Color Purple, Celie, as she develops from being a victim of' traditional values to the rejoiceful discovery of her self‑identity.

Key words: Traditional values, patriarchal, Afro‑American women, rejection.

*This article is a development of the thesis defended at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University in 27 June 2002.

**Dra. Ekawati M. Dukut, M.Hum is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

***Nuki Dhamayanti, S.S. is an alumnae of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: CULTURE AND ANARCHY AND OTHER WRITING

2012-01-03T11:45:00.005+07:00

Reviewed by Gabriela Kaplan*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.2, December 2002)

Edited by STEFAN COLLINI

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

1993, 248pp

ISBN 0-521-37796-x

*Gabriela Kaplan is currently a lecturer at Universidad de la Republica and at Instituto de Profesores Artigas of Montevideo, Uruguay.

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TWENTIETH CENTURY CANADIAN SCINCE FICTION: AN ANALYTICAL NOTE ON CERTAIN DOMINANT THEMES

2012-01-03T11:45:00.003+07:00

Jacob George C.*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.1, July 2002)

Abstract: Modern science fiction being overwhelmingly an American phenomenon, a distinctive Canadian model or tradition that could be contrasted with the American one emerged only during the last couple of decades. The delayed flowering of science fiction and fantasy in the Canadian literary context is often attributed to a certain atrophy of the fantastic imagination in Canada. Yet, the rare appearance of 'science fictional flights' in pre-Second World War Canlit is best ascribed not to the aridity of the fantastic imagination, but to the fact that the preponderance of works that constitute the 'canon' of Canadian fiction are realistic or naturalistic. Such a marginalization of the fantastic mode appears to be the direct consequence of holding realistic and naturalistic paradigms as effective tools of nationalism.

Key words: science fiction, Canadian fiction, nationalism

*Jacob George C., PhD., Director, Centre for Canadian Studies, Union Christan College, Alwaye, Kerala India.

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: THE FEMINIST MEMOIR PROJECT : VOICES FROM WOMEN’S LIBERATION

2012-01-03T11:45:00.001+07:00

Reviewed by Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.1, July 2002)

Edited by RACHEL BLAU DUPLEISIS and ANN SNITOW

U.S.A.: Three Rivers Press,

1998, 531pp

ISBN: 0-609-80384-0

*Dra. Ekawati M. Dukut, M.Hum is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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POLITENESS PRINCIPLES: THEIR REALISATION IN INDONESIAN APOLOGIES

2012-01-03T11:44:00.001+07:00

Wuryani Hartanto*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.1, July 2002)

Abstract : The politeness principles in the realm of pragmatics are know to be universal. Yet, to what degree the universality of such principles applies to a particular language is worth revealing. This study has a two - folded purpose, i.e. to look at the realisation of the politeness principles in Indonesian apologies and to demonstrate the patterns of this particular speech act according to the CCSARP coding scheme as proposed by Blum Kulka & Olshtain (1998).

Key words : politeness principles, pragmatics, Indonesian apologies

*Dra. Wuryani Hartanto, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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THE INHIBITING GRAMMATICAL RULES OF INDONESIAN IN THE ACQUISITION OF TENSES AND TO BE

2012-01-03T11:43:00.003+07:00

Yoseph Edmundus Budiyana*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.1, July 2002)

Abstract : This article aims to examine briefly the implication of contrastive analysis hypothesis for the Indonesian learners in learning English. By contrastive analysis is meant the analysis of the similarities and differences between L1 (Indonesian) and L2 (English) in particular the inhibiting grammatical rules of Indonesian in the acquisition of tenses and to be. This value stems from the fact that based on the observation, the Indonesian students tend to transfer the forms and meanings of their first language (Indonesian) into the target language (English) when they speak and write in English. By knowing the difference and similarities between L1 and L2, the trouble spots in TL could be anticipated, errors might be prevented and at least held to be minimum, in this way the formation of bad habit could be avoided.

Key words: L1= first language, L2 = second language, TL = target language

*Drs. Y. E. Budiyana, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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OPTIMIZING COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT IN SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOM

2012-01-03T11:43:00.001+07:00

Heny Hartono*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.1, July 2002)

Abstract: English teachers who teach English as second language within a foreign language context such as in Indonesia should realize that the goal of the English teaching is not only ‘knowing’ the language but the acquisition of that language. In order to allow the acquisition take place in the classroom learning setting, comprehensible input should be provided. As suggested by Krashen, L2 learners gain the comprehensible input through what they read and what they listen. Have English teachers in Indonesia provided their students such comprehensible input ? This paper is inviting English teachers to have a self-reflection towards this question.

Key words : acquisition, classroom learning setting, comprehensible input

*Heny Hartono, S.S. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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CASE STUDY APPROACH IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING RESEARCH*

2012-01-03T11:42:00.005+07:00

Bambang Yudi Cahyono**

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.1, July 2002)

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to discuss methodological issues of the case study as an approach in second language learning research. It firstly analyses the position of case study in the continuum of research design. It then discusses the advantages of using the case study approach to examine L2 learning, and highlights some types of research questions that can be addressed using this approach. Furthermore, the limitations of case study will be examined and the ways to deal with them will be discussed. Finally, this article analyzes sample case studies recently conducted to provide insights on how this approach can be applied usefully in the context of second language learning.

Key words: case study, qualitative design, quantitative design, second language learning

*I would like to thank Dr. Gillian Wigglesworth of the University of Melbourne, Australia, as the earlier version of this article was an assignment in her inspiring subject, Research in Applied Linguistics. I also thank Elizabeth (lemon) of the Centre for Communication skill and ESL of the same university for her invaluable notes and comments on linguistic and stylistic aspects of the draft.

**Drs. Bambang Yudi Cahyono, M.A. is a faculty member of the English Department of State University of Malang. He is currently taking Ph.D. program at the Department of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics of the University of Melbourne, Australia.

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TRANSLATION AS IMPERIALISM: THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS

2012-01-03T11:42:00.003+07:00

Subur Wardoyo*

(Published in CELT, vol. 2, no.1, July 2002)

Abstract: Dalam artikel ini translation bukan hanya terbatas pada alih bahasa, tetapi meliputi semua strategi merepresentasikan sebuah bahasa ke bahasa lain. Cara James Fenimore Cooper mentranslate bahasa Indian ke bahasa Inggris dalam novel The Last of The Mohicans merupakan representasi pelecehan etnis lewat manipulasi kebahasaan. Terjemahan Cooper membangun kesan bahwa orang Indian hanya bisa berkomunikasi sebatas anak kecil belaka. Orang Indian digambarkan hanya bisa berkomunikasi dengan permainan voice, musik, gesture, dan penggunaan third-person pronoun untuk menggantikan first-person atau second-person pronoun. Pelecehan ini berkorelasi dengan politik pemusnahan etnis di zaman itu.

Keywords: policy of Indian Removal, sounds in place of words, arts of gesture, savagism.

*Drs. Subur L. Wardoyo, DipTEFL, M.A., PhD, is a lecturer of Semarang State University. He was invited by the American Studies Association of Korea to present his paper Modes of Assilmilation in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club at Seoul National University (Oct. 2000). He got a Fulbright Research Grant for his research on Chinese American Intermarriage in Amy Tan’s and Maxine Hong Kingston’s Female Characters and in New York City’s Real Life Chinese Women (2001).

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IS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY READY FOR INTERNATIONAL CLASSES?

2012-01-03T11:42:00.001+07:00

Heny Hartono*

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.1, December 2001)

Abstract: Soegijapranata Catholic University which is one of the leading private universities in Semarang, Central Java, is planning to run International Classes. The idea of establishing the International Classes should be supported by good preparation of all components involved in the teaching and learning process. Running a class in English will create some new and perhaps unexpected problems. As the first step in preparing the International Classes, Soegijapranata Catholic University has held a teacher training for International Classes Preparation. The teacher training could be used as a reflection to answer the question: Is Soegijapranata Catholic University ready for the International Classes?

Key words: International classes, Soegijapranata Catholic University, teaching and learning process.

*Heny Hartono, S.S. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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TAKE THE MOST OF THE STUDENTS’ INPUT AND FEEDBACK TO PUSH A SUCCESSFUL LANGUAGE TEACHING

2012-01-03T11:41:00.005+07:00

Anton Suratno*

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.1, December 2001)

Abstract: As we have recently observed that there has been a crucial change in most people’s perception concerning approach to teaching. As Nunan has recently mentioned that in current language teaching development, there has been a clear and observable gradual move from a top-down to getting more and more bottom-up approach to the planning, implementation and evaluation of teaching and learning program. (Nunan, 1996: 129). He is supported by Gardner and Miller with their interest in learners’ autonomy (Gardner and Miller, 1996). Also by Hutchison and Waters in their ESP learning-centered approach (Hutchison and Waters, 1993). There are some practical reasons why students’ input and feedback are likely to contribute to the success of the L-T programs.

This article aims to put forward an overview of the students’ potential contribution to the way to optimize the learning and teaching processes by way of considering the importance of their regular input and feedback that they give to help plan, monitor and review or evaluate the TL programs. In other words, this paper will try to see a different perspective on achieving a good teaching program from the area beyond method of teaching.

Key words: Students input, students’ feedback, language teaching.

*Drs. Antonius Sratno, M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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19th CENTURY WOMEN AND HOMOSEXUALITY: THE CASE OF VIRGINIA WOOLF’S MRS. DALLOWAY

2012-01-03T11:41:00.003+07:00

Angelika Riyandari*

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.1, December 2001)

Abstract: Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway portrays the experience of a 19^th century woman in dealing with homosexuality. The incapability to show affection to the same sex, the denial of the feeling and the struggle to keep the love leads the woman to an emotional suicide. The woman’s choice to marry a man, have a child, and play her role as a sophisticated housewife are the ways to compromise with the norms and conventions of that age where home was the centre of woman’s life.

Key words: 19^th century woman, homosexuality, housewife.

*Angelika Riyandari, S.S., M.A. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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INGE’S THE TINY CLOSET IN GENDER PERSPECTIVE: RETAINING THE POLARISATION

2012-01-03T11:41:00.001+07:00

G.M. Adhyanggono*

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.1, December 2001)

Abstract: This article is an overview toward a play of an American dramatist, William Inge. In this case, the play is viewed from gender perspective as considered ‘quite representative’ to reveal what Friedan (1995) stated as polarisation of men and women. The writer wants to depict the representation of men and women in the play as the central issue affecting the result of this analysis. In addition, the term gender should be understood as an umbrella term pervading the whole discussion. To what extent the verification of the polarisation may analytically come as the conclusion.

Key words: American dramatist, gender, polarization.

*G.M. Adhyanggono, S.S. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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CRITISMS TOWARD JAVANESE CULTURE IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S BUMI MANUSIA: AN ANALYSIS ON THE DOMINANT CULTURE OF THE PRIYAYI

2012-01-03T11:40:00.001+07:00

Yohanes Hartadi*

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.1, December 2001)

Abstract: It is not an exaggeration if we say Java-with its people and its culture-dominates almost all aspects of the Republic of Indonesia. Many Javanese things are used and imitated by people other than Javanese. Pramoedya Ananta Toer, as a Javanese writer, sees the Javanese culture from another angle. He is able to notice the inappropriate Javanese concepts and practices. Bumi Manusia is a novel that reveals Pramoedya’s criticisms towards Javanese culture.

Key words: Javanese, culture, priyayi, mysticism.

*Yohanes Hartadi, S.S. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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COMIC STRIPS: A REFLECTION OF THE AMERICAN SPIRIT

2012-01-03T11:39:00.001+07:00

Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut*

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.1, December 2001)

Abstract: Popular culture by definition include customs, beliefs and practices, which is massed produced and shared by a society. It can include a best selling magazine, film, food or drink products. It is widely enjoyed by the society because of its cheap price and meets the consumer’s needs. Comic strips, is one of those products. Reading comic strips is fun and enjoyable because it does not need full concentration or extra money as a way of passing time. It is massed produced cheaply in popular magazines, newspapers and films. Although is a way of passing time, it is also a way of learning about the American’s history, politics, economy, society and spirit of honesty, freedom and the hope of a better future. The comic strip, to say briefly, is a reflection of the American spirit.

Key words: Comic strips, popular culture, American spirit.

*Dra. Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut, M.Hum. is a lecturer of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang

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A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTICS

2012-01-03T11:38:00.001+07:00

Reviewed by Stuart Alan Bruce*

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.1, December 2001)

SUZANNE ROMAINE

Oxford: Oxford Paperbacks, Oxford University Press,

1994, 235pp

ISBN: 019-875134-6

*Stuart Alan Bruce, B.A. has been a guest lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, since August 2000.

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NARRATING THE INDIAN NATION – A NON-INDIAN PERSPECTIVE: A STUDY OF WILLIAM DALRYMPLE’S THE LAST MUGHAL AND RUDYARD KIPLING’S KIM*

2011-12-26T15:01:00.001+07:00

Syamala Kallury & Suman Sigroha*

(Published in CELT, vol. 8, no.1, July 2008)

Abstract: This paper deals with the issue of the rise of nationalism in Indian context as a result of the events of 1857, and attempts to study the perspectives of two non-Indian writers interested in Indian nation, namely Rudyard Kipling and William Dalrymple in their novels Kim and The Last Mughal respectively as opposed to the Indian nationalist perspectives seen and portrayed in later narratives by Indians. The former is a fictional representation of the mutiny of 1857 whereas the latter is a fictionalized historical account. Published almost a hundred years apart, and coming at different defining moments in India’s history, the two novels Kim (1901) and The Last Mughal (2006), both talk of a common set of events. It is one endeavor to see the different dimensions explored by these two writers.

Key words: India, nationalism, Kim, The Last Mughal

*This paper has been presented at the International Seminar on Culture, English Language Teaching and Literature organized by the English Department, Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic Uiversity, Semarang on 17-18 January 2008.

**Dr. Syamala Kallury <s_kallury@hotmail.com> ph: +9810263803. is a staff member of the SSO I, Department of HUSS, IIT Delhi, India. Analyzing literature is one of his interest.

***Suman Sigroha, M.A. <suman.sigroha@gmail.com> ph: +9810750600is a master of English and Psychology. He is currently a Research Scholar (English) at the Department of HUSS, IIT Delhi, India.

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CONSTRUCTING SINGAPORE’S CULTURAL AND POLITICAL NARRATIVES: A STUDY ON LEE KUAN YEW’S CONTROL OF THE MEDIA TO BUILD SINGAPORE*

2011-12-26T14:57:00.001+07:00

Buni Yani**

(Published in CELT, vol. 8, no.1, July 2008)

Abstract: There are several ways how to understand culture – and also politics – in one country. One way is to look at the media that become the backbone of communication between the state and the people. The powerful media can be used to form people’s understanding on “narratives” created by the state. The narratives on politics, freedom of the press, development, and economy are constructed in such a way that people cannot but accept what are presented through the media. Singapore’s founding father Lee Kuan Yew – and also his successors – understood the powerful media could bring about for Singapore’s culture and politics. That is why Lee – and his successors – used the media to build and form Singapore’s culture in the first place. Singapore’s ethnic and cultural diversities – which consist of the Chinese, Indians, and Malays – are regarded as a potential conflict if the state fails to set up a “common denominator” for all Singaporeans. Based on this ground, Lee and his successors figured out what to do to cope with this problem. Lee and his successors came to a conclusion that Singapore government should make use of the media to spread the idea of Singapore culture of which characteristics are pluralistic, cosmopolitan, and meritocratic. The media have contributed to spread the so-called rujak language – or widely known as Singlish – a unique Singaporean English blended with Chinese, Malay and Indian. Singapore’s broadcast media policy – radio and television – are deeply influenced by Lee Kuan Yew’s vision of the city state. The media have been used to construct good narratives on Singapore’s culture and politics.

Key words: culture, politics, media, Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore, Singlish

**Buni Yani <buniyani@yahoo.com> teaches Journalism at Department of Communication and Public Relations, Faculty of Social Sciences, Swiss German University, Jakarta. He graduated Cum Laude from Ohio University’s Master’s Program in Southeast Asian Studies with his thesis on the politics of editorship of two Indonesian newspapers reporting the Maluku sectarian conflict. He worked as a journalist for the Voice of America (VOA) in Washington, DC, U.S.A., and the Australian Associated Press in Jakarta. Currently, besides teaching, he also writes and edits articles for academic journals and newspapers. He can be reached at his blog, www.buniyani2007.blogspot.com.

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A CRITIQUE OF TRADITIONAL PEDAGOGICAL METHODS IN THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS

2011-12-26T14:54:00.001+07:00

Cecilia Titiek Murniati*

(Published in CELT, vol. 8, no.1, July 2008)

Abstract: This paper is a critique of traditional pedagogical method in the teaching of English skills. In Indonesia, the emphasis of the teaching of English skill is on preparing students for jobs and standardized tests. While these purposes are necessary to improve students’ language fluency, they are insufficient to equip students with skills they need to perform beyond college life. This paper argues that the focus of English teaching in college should be on the improvement of higher order thinking skills and the fostering of self-authorship. The paper uses socio-cultural theories of learning to discuss self-authorship and offers pedagogical implications on the basis of those theories.

Key words: socio-cultural theories of learning, self-authorship, pedagogy

*Dra. Cecilia Titiek Murniati, M.A. <celia_jalu@yahoo.com> is a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang. She is currently working towards her Doctorate degree in the Higher Education Administration, Educational Policy and Leadership Studies, University of Iowa Colege of Education, U.S.A.

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LONELY LENNIE IN JOHN STEINBECK’S OF MICE AND MEN*

2011-12-26T14:51:00.001+07:00

Elfath Akdawidjaja**, Angelika Riyandari & RM Sri Suryaningsih***

(Published in CELT, vol. 8, no.1, July 2008)

Abstract: Loneliness is an emotional state when an individual finds him/herself’S lack of qualitative interaction with other people. It does not only occur by the absence of other people around, but it also occurs with the presence of the others. The case study of Lennie Small provides A descriptive illustration of loneliness as the discussion reveals that Lennie suffers from psychological and cognitive loneliness. The feeling of loneliness itself is caused by being unable to fit in and being abused and rejected by others. The study also reveals how Lennie attempts to cope with loneliness through the desire for someone and by crying.

Key words: loneliness, psychological, cognitive, cope.

*This article is a development of the undergraduate thesis defended at the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang in July 2008.

**Elfath Akdiwidjaya., S.S. <elfath_3434@yahoo.com> is an alumnae of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

***Angelika Riyandari, S.S, M.A <goen2ike@yahoo.com> and Dra. Rosa Maria Sri Suryaningsih, M.A. <rmsrisuryaningsihyahoo.com> are lecturers of the Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION OF THE RHETORICAL STRUCTURES OF BARACK OBAMA'S AND HILLARY CLINTON'S DEBATES DURING DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN PERIOD OF AMERICAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN 2008

2011-12-26T14:41:00.003+07:00

Slamet Utomo*

(Published in CELT, vol. 11, no.1, July 2011)

Abstract: This study discusses the rhetorical features of Barack Obama's and Hillary Clinton's debates. This debate was carried out during the Democratic campaign period on American presidential election in 2008. The main focus of this dissertation is on the examination of the patterns of Communicative purposes or 'moves' and their subsequent elements or 'steps' of the arguments. The analysis includes the examination of communicative purposes and persuasive values of the texts, and linguistic features used to materialise the communicative purposes and persuasive values.

The problem statements of the study are: 1/ What are the rhetorical features realized in Barack Obama's and Hillary Clinton's debates during Campaign Period on American Presidential Election in 2008?, 2/ From the rhetorical features perspective, how can Barack Obama's and Hillary Clinton's debates attract the audience?, 3/ Pedagogically, what lessons can language learners obtain from the debate between Obama and Hillary Clinton?

This study found that macro rhetorical structure of the debate (ie. Initiation, Response, and Feedback) is relatively similar to that of a common debate except that, unlike in common debate, the Initiation is given by moderators and questioners, the Responses given by debaters, and Feedback can be given by moderator, questioner, or debaters. In this debate, there is no interruption while the debater was speaking. The debater would speak only if he/she was given an opportunity to speak. And the other difference from the common debate is that Barack Obama's and Hillary Clinton's debates had already been designed by the Dream Team before the debate occured. However, the communicative purposes and persuasions in the debates are relatively the same. The debaters persuade the audience to give them votes in the American presidential election in 2008. The differences are found in the way that rhetorical devicess use linguistic resources to realize the communicative purposes and persuations in the arguments. The rhetorical differences are caused by the differences in the arguments of offering the approaches to solve the Americans' problems.

The pedagogical implication of this study is that the debate genre needs to be explicitly taught to Indonesian students, especially university students in order to give them more acces to the content of debate, and to develop skills needed by Indonesian lecturers. For this purpose, an appropriate approach needs to be developed; that is to teach the generic features of debate such as in speaking.

Key words: discourse analysis, rhetorical structures, linguistic features, debates, genre

*Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd. <slamet_utomo16@yahoo.com> is a teacher training and education faculty at English Education Department, Muria Kudus University

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

A BOOK REVIEW: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN INDONESIAN CONTEXT

2011-12-26T14:41:00.001+07:00

Reviewed by

Shirly Rizki Kusumaningrum*

(Published in CELT, vol. 11, no.1, July 2011)

*Shirly Rizki Kusumaningrum, S.Pd +6285646307630 is a lecturer assistant at
English Department of the State University of Malang.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: INDEPENDENT MOVEMENTS ON PARALLEL PATHS

2011-12-26T14:40:00.001+07:00

Connie S. Hanke* & Gina Zanolini Morrison**

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.2, December 2010)

Abstract: Over the last few decades, two major forces affecting the lives of second language learners have emerged in educational systems throughout the world: the increasing diversity of student populations and emerging technological advancements. The juxtaposition of these two phenomena presents an opportunity to bring together two educational movements: multicultural education and technology education. These entities are examined as parallel social movements whose convergence would provide the momentum for needed changes in today's educational systems.

Keywords: Multicultural education, technology education, diversity, ESL, social justice

*Connie S. Hankee <connie.hankee@wilkes.edu> is a teacher at Parkland Senior High School in Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States. She has taught English, literature, and technology classes in U.S. public schools, including both high school and community college, for over 30 years.

**Prof. Gina Zanolini Morrison <gina.morrison@wilkes.edu> +60169162153 is a Visiting Scholar at UTM (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) International Campus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, while sabbatical from the Education Department of Wilkes University, U.S.A.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

IMPROVING STUDENTS' CLASSROOM BEHAVIOUR BY MAXIMIZING TEACHER-STUDENT INTERACTION DURING CLASS

2011-12-26T14:39:00.003+07:00

Purnama Nancy F. Lumban Batu*

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.2, December 2010)

Abstract: Behaviour is one thing that is really important in one's life achievement. Behaviours will develop into character that defines one's future. Further, a research of Swick shows that a student's behaviour in the classroom significantly affects his/her behaviour outside the classroom, as in the real world. This article is focusing on a way to improve the students' behaviour in the classroom. Teachers, as students' motivator and role model, can encourage them to improve their behaviour through the limited learning process at school. It not through the presented material, yet it is through the way the material is presented in the class, the interaction led by the teacher. This article is trying to apply the communication science into classical teaching-learning process related to Skinner behaviourism theory. The better the stimulus, the better the response will be. Interaction is seen as the stimulus and the students' behaviour is seen as the response to it. The better the interaction, the better the behaviour will be.

Key words: behaviour, interaction, communication skill, stimulus, response.

*Purnama Nancy F. Lumban Batu , S.S. <nancy.lumbanbatu@gmail.com> +6281326274225 teaches at STIP Jakarta.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

USING SIMULATION TO MOTIVATE SPEAKING SKILL IN BUSINESS ENGLISH CLASSROOM

2011-12-26T14:39:00.001+07:00

Wienny Ardriyati*

(Published in CELT, vol. 1, no.2, December 2010)

Abstract: Teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) should be intended for communicative functions. This implies that teaching English is to enable students to acquire knowledge and skills to communicate effectively. Language learning seems to occur most effectively when students have opportunities to use the language. The idea to use simulation in teaching English is considering students who are not motivated to study English in Business English class and it is meant to create interactive classes. Therefore, they are guided to create the situation where they can use the language. In fact, the students are claimed to master English either passively or actively for their future benefit after they graduate from their study. When they graduate they not only master their major study but also expert in using English for communication. In this article it is proposed some examples of simulation that are effective in business English classes; making business plan, conducting meeting, doing negotiation and presentation. To apply the simulation, the students are asked to make a role play. After the simulation is conducted, it is expected that the students are able to use the language interactively and creatively.

Key words: simulation, communicative functions, interactive, English for Specific Purposes, Business English, role play

*Dra. Wienny Ardriyarti, M.Pd. wien_ardri@yahoo.com +62817247606 is a lecturer at FBIB Universitas Stikubank

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

VOICE OF A HYBRID SPEAKING FROM A DISCRETE CULTURAL POSITION IN THE NOVEL CEREMONY BY LESLIE MARMON SILKO

2011-12-26T14:38:00.005+07:00

Sangeeta Jhajharia* and Mamta Beniwal**

(Published in CELT, vol. 11, no.1, July 2011)

Abstract: The literature of post colonialism is a literature of marginality and liminality, portraying characters caught between one culture and another. The work represents a deep cultural conflict in the mind of an American who is from mixed ancestry. Ethnic nationalism and the recovery of traditional culture a classic formulation: A group withdraws into itself and labels the historically oppressive culture as the enemy. The nation or group feels that its social oppression is inextricably tied with the destruction of its traditional culture. To recover an aspect of the suppressed culture - even as fantasy - can be an act not only of revival but of subversion, a way of reifying the oppressed group's sense of separateness and entitlement.

Key words: double binds of assimilation, oppression, culture, Manichean view, regeneration, destroyers.

*Dr. Sangeeta Jhajharia <parishkritta@gmail.com> +919829795451 is a faculty member of the Humanities and Sciences of Faculty of Engineering and Technology, M.I.T.S University, Lakshmangarh, District Sikar, State Rajasthan, India.

**Dr. Mamta Beniwal <contact@mitsuniversity.ac.in > is a scholan at Jai Nasayam Vgus University, Jodhpur, India.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

NEW SOUTH ASIAN–AMERICAN FICTION: MERGENCE OF A NEW GENRE?

2011-12-26T14:38:00.003+07:00

Munir Khan*

(Published in CELT, vol. 11, no.1, July 2011)

Abstract: This paper, “New South Asian-American Fiction: Emergence of a New Genre?” focuses on a group of emerging South Asian- American novelists in the last decade, who give a new consciousness to fiction. With their multicultural, multireligious, multilingual and multiethnic traditions, the newly discovered writers settled in America are growing fast with new identity. Gifted with tremendous creative energy, they seize and give artistic shape to experiences in America. Enjoying a certain degree of critical contributions, their writings, as a distinct area of literary study, are unlike the other migrant ones which mostly have reflected the angst and trauma of the 'Nowhere man'. Their fictional writings have acquired a shape of spiritual quest that yields eventually towards a sense of equilibrium, establishing the in-between space as one of creativity, enrichment, and survival. The paper tries to show how the current crop of the South Asian writers in America creates a literary tradition that is formally and thematically different with a special reference to Manil Suri's The Death of Vishnu. With a spirit of religious revivalism, they try to re-make themselves in writing a new genre and new form being forged. Their individual styles, new idioms, and diversity of thematic patterns also point to the changing complexions of Indian-American Literature.

Key words: South Asia, New Genre, rootlessness, transnationalism, and Religious Revivalism.

*Prof. Dr. Munir Khan <munirkhan8j@gmail.com> at +919839059935 is Professor & Head Post-Graduate Dept. Of English & Research Centre, Shibli National College, Azamgarh, India

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

LITERATURE EXPOSURE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING

2011-12-26T14:38:00.001+07:00

Erly Wahyuni*

(Published in CELT, vol. 11, no.1, July 2011)

Abstract: Teachers often regard literature as inappropriate to the language classroom. Teaching literature in foreign language classroom becomes essential if teachers are concerned with the meaningful foreign language learning activities experienced by the students. It is not sufficient to only emphasize on acquiring mastery of structure and form but also involves acquiring the ability to interpret literary discourse in all its social and cultural contexts. Accordingly, this study focuses on literature exposure in English language teaching and learning. This study which is a descriptive qualitative study was endorsed the data from two sources: namely is the English lecturer and the students of the English Department of UMM. The instruments used included interview and questionnaire. The result of the analysis indicates literature exposure has an essential role in English language learning because it is beneficial to the learners' linguistic development, create opportunities for personal expression as well as reinforce students' knowledge of lexical and grammatical structure. Moreover, it becomes important for English teacher to consider cultural contexts into their English language teaching. Students should be given the opportunity in the selection of materials and classroom activities that can expose and enhance students' literary knowledge and understanding.

Key words: literature exposure, EFL learning

*Dra. Erly Wahyuni, MSi. <erlywahyuni@gmail.com>+62341464318 is a lecturer of FKIP of University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Her specialty is teaching language and Literature.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

AUTHENTIC VIDEO: AN ALTERNATIVE TEACHING MATERIAL

2011-12-26T14:37:00.005+07:00

Ririn Kurnia Trisnawati*

(Published in CELT, vol. 10, no.1, July 2010)

Abstract: Nowadays, English teachers and lecturers are offered by abundant alternatives for teaching and learning materials. They are so various starting from the traditional ones up to the updates ones. English teaching and learning materials are available from the textbooks, English magazine, newspapers, and others. In addition, Internet is also resource able as the teaching and learning media or material. One way of utilizing Internet as the teaching and learning resource is by downloading some videos from the Internet. Therefore, this paper aims at describing and evaluating the usage of authentic videos for English teaching and learning process. Authentic video is chosen as the material since it could answer the urgency of contextualization, role-modeling, and authenticity in English teaching and learning process which recently becomes the newest interest. Besides, this paper is also to give particular points that authentic videos can also be useful for teaching and learning Grammar/ Structure in the classroom. It

means authentic video is also adaptable to be used in any subjects other than Speaking or Listening.

Key words: English Teaching Material, Authentic Videos, Grammar/ Structure Class

*Ririn Kurnia Trisnawati, S.S., M.A. <trisnawati2001@yahoo.com> accomplished her undergraduate degree of English Language and Literature at Yogyakarta State University (UNY) in 2005, and her master of American Studies at Gadjah Mada University (UGM) in 2009. She has some years of teaching experience in 2006- 2010 in Universitas Islam Indonesia and 2011 up to the present day in Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. She is very interested in conducting researches and presenting them under the field of English language learning and also English literature. “Research is a matter of reading and writing” has become her motto and inspiration to dedicate herself in the world of teaching and educating.

Those interested in reading the whole article can contact the staff at celtjournal@gmail.com

CELT Journal

THE USE OF BAHASA INDONESIA IN EFLCLASS*

Y.E. Budiyana**, Yosi Ritonga*** and Antonius Suratno****

(Published in CELT, vol. 5, no.1, July 2005)

S1 student national seminar: 4-5 June 2012, English Department, Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang - Indonesia

1st International Language & Culture (ILC):

Actualizing ourselves as a part of global society through local culture and national identity

Paper Requirements

Student seminar: International Language & Culture, 4-5 June 2012 (English Dept. Faculty of Letters, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia)

CALL FOR PAPERS : up to 15 April 2012

CALL FOR PARTICIPANTS : up to 1 June 2012

1st ILC: Actualizing ourselves as a part of global society through local culture and national identity

A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: GRAPHIC NOVELS: A FUN & CREATIVE WAY OF WRITING AND READING

Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut*

(Published in CELT, vol. 10, no.1, July 2010)

EVERYTHING GUIDE TO WRITING GRAPHIC NOVELS: From superheroes to Manga - all you need to start creating your own graphic works

GREAT DISRUPTION IN SOUTHERN SOCIETY AS REFLECTED IN JOHN GRISHAM’S THE TESTAMENT

Tatit Hariyanti*

(Published in CELT, vol. 8, no.1, July 2008)

THE VOICES OF THE AFRO-AMERICAN IN LITERATURE: A STUDY ON SLAVERY

Femmy Dahlan*

(Published in CELT, vol. 8, no.1, July 2008)

A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: FEMINISM AND/VERSUS FEMINITY OF MODERN WOMEN

B. Retang Wohangara*

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

THE IDEOLOGY AND THE IDEATIONAL MEANING PROCESSES BEHIND THE ADVERTISEMENTS OF COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE*

Cicilia San San**, Heny Hartono & Angelika Riyandari***

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

THE U.S.A.’S VALUE OF SUCCESS AS PORTRAYED THROUGH A SELECTION OF MAGAZINE ADS*

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

THE REALIZATION OF IDEATIONAL MEANINGS IN STUDENTS’ RECOUNTS*

Sri Mulatsih**

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

THE ROLE OF ENGLISH PROVERBS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WRITING SKILL*

Sudiran**

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

SECOND LANGUAGE WRITING: PROCESS, ASSESSMENT AND STUDENTS’ ERROR CORRECTION

Hendro Setiawan Husada*

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

VIEWING CONTRASTIVE RHETORIC FROM A POST MODERN PERSPECTIVE: FINDING AN IMPLICATION TO THE SECOND LANGUAGE WRITING PEDAGOGY

Susilo*

(Published in CELT, vol. 7, no.2, December 2007)

ENGLISH NATIONAL EXAMINATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN INDONESIA*

Rahayuningtyas Agus Wahyuni**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT: THE STATE OF THE ART

Utami Widiati* & Bambang Yudi Cahyono**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

AN EXPOSÉ OF MACHO CHARACTERS IN LOUIS L’AMOUR’S WESTERN NOVELS; BRIONNE, THE CALIFORNIOS, AND HONDO*

M. Syafri Badaruddin**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

ARCHITECTURE AS A CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTINUATION OF TRADITION WITHIN MODERNIZATION

Krisprantono*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

THE GENDER ROLE CHANGE OF SCARLETT O’HARA AS A PORTRAYAL OF THE HIGH-CLASS SOUTHERN WHITE WOMEN’S LIFE*

Rendra Bening Prakoso**, Angelika Riyandari*** & Heny Hartono****

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: WARUNG POJOK: WORDPLAY, WIT AND WISDOM PENDIDIKAN ALA WARUNG POJOK: CATATAN-CATATAN PROF. DR. N. DRIYARKARA, S. J. TENTANG MASALAH SOSIAL, POLITIK DAN BUDAYA

Reviewed by Novita Dewi*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.2, December 2006)

(EASTERN) SUMBA AND ITS GENRES OF ORAL TRADITION

B. Retang Wohangara*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

CHICANA EXPERIENCE IN DENISE CHÁVEZ’S FACE OF AN ANGEL : A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE*

Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

COMPREHENDING ADVERTISEMENTS THROUGH JEAN BAUDRILLARD’S POSTMODERNISM*

Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut**

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

NATIVE OR NON-NATIVE TEACHERS: A STUDY ON TERTIARY TEACHERS’ BELIEFS IN INDONESIA

Nugrahenny T. Zacharias*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

JOURNAL MAKING IN INSTRUCTION (TEACHING), RESEARCH & EXTENSION WORK

Judith F. Balares-Salamat*

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

THE USE OF PROMPTING AND CONSEQUATING BEHAVIOURS IN STIMULATING CHILDREN TO USE ENGLISH AS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF TWO INDONESIAN FAMILIES*

Linggayani Soentoro**, Heny Hartono*** & Emilia Ninik A.****

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

A BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: P. D. JAMES’ THE LIGHTHOUSE: A RECONSTITUTION OF ENGLISH CLASSIC MYSTERY INGREDIENTS

(Published in CELT, vol. 6, no.1, July 2006)

Y.E. Budiyana, Yosi Ritonga* and Antonius Suratno****

Cicilia San San, Heny Hartono & Angelika Riyandari*

Rendra Bening Prakoso, Angelika Riyandari* & Heny Hartono****

Linggayani Soentoro, Heny Hartono* & Emilia Ninik A.****

Pan Bingxin & Fu Xiaoli*

May Ariani. S, Ekawati M. Dukut*, and MFY. Liza Dwi Ardhiyanti****